1 Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China.
2 Department of Radiation Toxicology and Oncology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.
Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2017 Sep;30(3):315-321. doi: 10.1177/0394632017716370. Epub 2017 Jun 19.
Increasing evidence has demonstrated that the secretion of cytokines may be associated with cigarette smoke-induced immunomodulatory effects, but a comprehensive analysis of the cytokine profile for cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) exposure is lacking. The aims of this study were to (1) examine the release of 20 cytokines induced by CSC from 12 brands of cigarettes in macrophages cells (Ana-1) and (2) to investigate the general characteristics of the immunomodulatory effects of CSC. Luminex technology was used to simultaneously determine the levels of 20 cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), keratinocyte-derived Chemokine (KC), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP-1α), induced protein 10 (IP-10), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), monkine inducible by γ interferon (MIG), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-basic) in the supernatants from Ana-1 cells treated with the CSC. The results showed that the release of eight cytokines was altered (IL-5, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, VEGF, IP-10, MCP-1, and MIP-1α) compared with the control. These cytokines fall into two major subtypes: proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-5, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, and VEGF, and chemokines, including IP-10, MCP-1, and MIP-1α. Compared with control, the remaining 12 cytokines were not significantly affected by CSC from the 12 brands of cigarettes. As a general characteristic, CSC exerts potently suppressive immunomodulatory effects on cytokine production of Ana-1 cells. Proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines may account for or contribute to the immunosuppressive properties of CSC.
越来越多的证据表明，细胞因子的分泌可能与香烟烟雾引起的免疫调节作用有关，但缺乏对香烟烟雾冷凝物 (CSC) 暴露引起的细胞因子谱的全面分析。本研究的目的是：(1) 检测 12 个品牌香烟的 CSC 诱导巨噬细胞 (Ana-1) 中 20 种细胞因子的释放；(2) 研究 CSC 免疫调节作用的一般特征。采用 Luminex 技术同时测定 20 种细胞因子（白细胞介素 (IL)-1α、IL-1β、IL-2、IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、IL-10、IL-12、IL-13、IL-17、粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子 (GM-CSF)、干扰素-γ (IFN-γ)、角质细胞衍生趋化因子 (KC)、单核细胞趋化蛋白 1 (MCP-1)、巨噬细胞炎性蛋白 1α (MIP-1α)、诱导蛋白 10 (IP-10)、肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α)、血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)、γ 干扰素诱导的单核细胞因子 (MIG) 和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 (FGF)-basic) 在 Ana-1 细胞上清液中的含量。结果显示，与对照组相比，有 8 种细胞因子的释放发生了改变 (IL-5、IL-6、IL-12、TNF-α、VEGF、IP-10、MCP-1 和 MIP-1α)。这些细胞因子分为两类：促炎细胞因子，包括 IL-5、IL-6、IL-12、TNF-α和 VEGF；趋化因子，包括 IP-10、MCP-1 和 MIP-1α。与对照组相比，12 个品牌香烟的 CSC 对其余 12 种细胞因子的影响不显著。作为一个一般特征，CSC 对 Ana-1 细胞的细胞因子产生具有强大的抑制性免疫调节作用。促炎细胞因子和趋化因子可能是 CSC 免疫抑制特性的原因或贡献者。
