AIDS Research Infrastructure Program, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, 395 Dr. Luis F. Sala Street, Ponce, PR 00716-2348, USA.
Clinical Psychology Program, School of Behavioral & Brain Science, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR 00716-2348, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Nov 7;15(11):2479. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15112479.
Tobacco use has been implicated as an immunomodulator in the oral cavity and contributes to the development of oral cancer. In the present study, we investigated the effects of cigarette smoking on bacterial diversity and host responses compared to healthy nonsmoking controls. Saliva samples were collected from eighteen smokers and sixteen nonsmoking individuals by passive drool. The 16S rRNA gene was used to characterize the salivary microbiome by using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Cytokine and chemokine expression analyses were performed to evaluate the host response. Significant differences in cytokine and chemokine expression levels of MDC, IL-10, IL-5, IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), insulin, and leptin were observed between smokers and nonsmokers. Taxonomic analyses revealed differences between the two groups, and some bacterial genera associated with the smokers group had correlations with hormones and cytokines identified as statistically different between smokers and nonsmokers. These factors have been associated with inflammation and carcinogenesis in the oral cavity. The data obtained may aid in the identification of the interactions between the salivary microbiome, host inflammatory responses, and metabolism in smokers.
吸烟被认为是口腔内的免疫调节剂，并导致口腔癌的发展。在本研究中，我们调查了与健康不吸烟对照相比，吸烟对细菌多样性和宿主反应的影响。通过被动流涎收集了 18 名吸烟者和 16 名非吸烟者的唾液样本。使用 Illumina MiSeq 平台，16S rRNA 基因用于表征唾液微生物组。进行细胞因子和趋化因子表达分析以评估宿主反应。在吸烟者和非吸烟者之间观察到 MDC、IL-10、IL-5、IL-2、IL-4、IL-7、促肾上腺皮质激素 (ACTH)、胰岛素和瘦素的细胞因子和趋化因子表达水平存在显著差异。分类分析显示两组之间存在差异，与吸烟者组相关的一些细菌属与被鉴定为吸烟者和非吸烟者之间存在统计学差异的激素和细胞因子相关。这些因素与口腔内的炎症和癌变有关。获得的数据可能有助于鉴定吸烟者唾液微生物组、宿主炎症反应和代谢之间的相互作用。
