Bragato Nathália, Borges Naida Cristina, Fioravanti Maria Clorinda Soares
Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Goiás - UFG, Campus Samambaia, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Conj. Itatiaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil.
Vet Res Commun. 2017 Dec;41(4):307-315. doi: 10.1007/s11259-017-9694-9. Epub 2017 Jun 21.
Ultrasound is the imaging test of choice for renal evaluation, because it provides information about the position, size, shape, internal architecture and hemodynamics of the kidneys without harming the patient. In chronic kidney disease, the main findings observed in B-mode ultrasound images are increased cortical echogenicity, loss of corticomedullary differentiation, reduced renal volume and irregular renal contour, and when these changes are associated, they are indicative of end-stage renal disease. However, the cause of kidney disease cannot be determined by ultrasonography, but must be confirmed by means of biopsy, although the presence of ultrasonographic changes indicative of the end-stage of the disease may contraindicate this procedure. The Doppler ultrasound test complements the ultrasonic B-mode examination and enables the assessment of renal perfusion based on a calculation of the hemodynamic indices, which are increased in cases of chronic kidney lesions, with higher values in the most severe cases. Thus, ultrasound examinations are not only useful in diagnostics but also play an important role in defining the prognosis of patients with chronic kidney disease.
超声是肾脏评估的首选成像检查方法，因为它能提供有关肾脏的位置、大小、形状、内部结构和血流动力学的信息，且不会对患者造成伤害。在慢性肾脏病中，B超图像上观察到的主要表现为皮质回声增强、皮髓质分界消失、肾体积减小和肾轮廓不规则，当这些变化同时出现时，则提示终末期肾病。然而，肾病的病因不能通过超声检查来确定，而必须通过活检来证实，尽管存在提示疾病终末期的超声变化可能会使该检查受限。多普勒超声检查是对超声B超检查的补充，它能够通过计算血流动力学指标来评估肾脏灌注，这些指标在慢性肾脏病变时会升高，在最严重的病例中数值更高。因此，超声检查不仅在诊断中有用，而且在确定慢性肾脏病患者的预后方面也发挥着重要作用。
