Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; email:
Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2017 Aug 4;55:205-229. doi: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080516-035250. Epub 2017 May 22.
The first plant disease resistance (R) genes were identified and cloned more than two decades ago. Since then, many more R genes have been identified and characterized in numerous plant pathosystems. Most of these encode members of the large family of intracellular NLRs (NOD-like receptors), which also includes animal immune receptors. New discoveries in this expanding field of research provide new elements for our understanding of plant NLR function. But what do we know about plant NLR function today? Genetic, structural, and functional analyses have uncovered a number of commonalities and differences in pathogen recognition strategies as well as how NLRs are regulated and activate defense signaling, but many unknowns remain. This review gives an update on the latest discoveries and breakthroughs in this field, with an emphasis on structural findings and some comparison to animal NLRs, which can provide additional insights and paradigms in plant NLR function.
二十多年前，人们首次鉴定并克隆了植物的抗病（R）基因。此后，在众多植物病原系统中又发现和鉴定了更多的 R 基因。其中大多数 R 基因编码细胞内 NLR （NOD 样受体）大家族的成员，该家族也包括动物免疫受体。这一不断扩展的研究领域中的新发现为我们理解植物 NLR 功能提供了新的元素。但是，我们目前对植物 NLR 功能了解多少呢？遗传、结构和功能分析揭示了病原体识别策略以及 NLR 如何被调控和激活防御信号方面的一些共性和差异，但仍有许多未知。本文综述了该领域的最新发现和突破，重点介绍了结构方面的研究成果，并与动物 NLR 进行了一些比较，这可为植物 NLR 功能提供更多的见解和范例。
