人生全程的人格变化：一项跨文化、纵向研究的启示。
Personality change across the life span: Insights from a cross-cultural, longitudinal study.
机构信息
Michigan State University.
University of Michigan.
出版信息
J Pers. 2018 Jun;86(3):508-521. doi: 10.1111/jopy.12332. Epub 2017 Jul 29.
OBJECTIVE
Personality traits are characterized by both stability and change across the life span. Many of the mechanisms hypothesized to cause personality change (e.g., the timing of various social roles, physical health, and cultural values) differ considerably across culture. Moreover, personality consistency is valued highly in Western societies, but less so in non-Western societies. Few studies have examined how personality changes differently across cultures.
METHOD
We employed a multilevel modeling approach to examine age-related changes in Big Five personality traits in two large panel studies of Americans (n = 6,259; M = 46.85; 52.5% female) and Japanese (n = 1,021; M = 54.28; 50.9% female). Participants filled out personality measures twice, over either a 9-year interval (for Americans) or a 4-year period (for Japanese).
RESULTS
Changes in Agreeableness and Openness to Experience did not systematically vary across cultures; changes in Extraversion, Neuroticism, and Conscientiousness did vary across cultures. Further, Japanese show significantly greater fluctuation in the level of all the traits tested over time than Americans.
CONCLUSIONS
The culture-specific social, ecological, and life-course factors that are associated with personality change are discussed.
目的
人格特质在整个生命周期中具有稳定性和可变性。许多被假设为导致人格改变的机制（例如，各种社会角色、身体健康和文化价值观的时间安排）在不同文化中差异很大。此外，人格一致性在西方社会中受到高度重视，但在非西方社会中则不然。很少有研究探讨人格在不同文化中如何不同地变化。
方法
我们采用多层次建模方法，在两项针对美国人（n=6259；M=46.85；52.5%女性）和日本人（n=1021；M=54.28；50.9%女性）的大型面板研究中，考察了大五人格特质与年龄相关的变化。参与者两次填写人格量表，时间间隔分别为 9 年（美国人）或 4 年（日本人）。
结果
在文化之间，Agreeableness 和开放性的变化没有系统地变化；外向性、神经质和尽责性的变化在文化之间确实有所不同。此外，与美国人相比，日本人在所有被测试特质的水平上随时间的波动明显更大。
结论
讨论了与人格变化相关的特定于文化的社会、生态和生活轨迹因素。
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