Kousaie Shanna, Chai Xiaoqian J, Sander Kaija M, Klein Denise
Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada; Centre for Research on Brain, Language, and Music, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada.
Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada.
Brain Cogn. 2017 Oct;117:49-56. doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2017.06.003. Epub 2017 Jun 22.
This study explores the effect of individual differences in the age of acquisition of a second language using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to examine functional connectivity and its relation with cognitive control within bilinguals. We compared simultaneous bilinguals, who learned two languages from birth, to sequential bilinguals, who learned a second language following mastery of their first language. Results show an effect of language experience on the strength of anticorrelation between the default mode network and the task-positive attention network and on cognitive control, with simultaneous bilinguals demonstrating stronger anticorrelations between the two networks, as well as superior cognitive control compared to sequential bilinguals. These findings demonstrate that the timing of language learning may have an impact on cognitive control, with the simultaneous learning of two languages being associated with more optimal brain connectivity for cognitive control compared to sequential language learning.
本研究利用静息态功能磁共振成像（rs-fMRI）探究第二语言习得年龄的个体差异对双语者功能连接及其与认知控制关系的影响。我们将从出生就学习两种语言的同时双语者与在掌握第一语言后学习第二语言的顺序双语者进行了比较。结果表明，语言经验对默认模式网络与任务积极注意网络之间的反相关强度以及认知控制有影响，同时双语者在这两个网络之间表现出更强的反相关，并且与顺序双语者相比具有更好的认知控制。这些发现表明，语言学习的时机可能会对认知控制产生影响，与顺序语言学习相比，同时学习两种语言与更优化的用于认知控制的大脑连接有关。
