She Zhen-Yu, Yang Wan-Xi
The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
J Cell Sci. 2017 Jul 1;130(13):2097-2110. doi: 10.1242/jcs.200261.
During eukaryote cell division, molecular motors are crucial regulators of microtubule organization, spindle assembly, chromosome segregation and intracellular transport. The kinesin-14 motors are evolutionarily conserved minus-end-directed kinesin motors that occur in diverse organisms from simple yeasts to higher eukaryotes. Members of the kinesin-14 motor family can bind to, crosslink or slide microtubules and, thus, regulate microtubule organization and spindle assembly. In this Commentary, we present the common subthemes that have emerged from studies of the molecular kinetics and mechanics of kinesin-14 motors, particularly with regard to their non-processive movement, their ability to crosslink microtubules and interact with the minus- and plus-ends of microtubules, and with microtubule-organizing center proteins. In particular, counteracting forces between minus-end-directed kinesin-14 and plus-end-directed kinesin-5 motors have recently been implicated in the regulation of microtubule nucleation. We also discuss recent progress in our current understanding of the multiple and fundamental functions that kinesin-14 motors family members have in important aspects of cell division, including the spindle pole, spindle organization and chromosome segregation.
在真核细胞分裂过程中，分子马达是微管组织、纺锤体组装、染色体分离和细胞内运输的关键调节因子。驱动蛋白-14马达在进化上保守，是向微管负端移动的马达，存在于从简单酵母到高等真核生物等多种生物体中。驱动蛋白-14马达家族成员能够结合、交联或滑动微管，从而调节微管组织和纺锤体组装。在本述评中，我们介绍了驱动蛋白-14马达分子动力学和力学研究中出现的共同子主题，特别是关于它们的非连续运动、交联微管以及与微管正负端和微管组织中心蛋白相互作用的能力。特别是，向微管负端移动的驱动蛋白-14和向微管正端移动的驱动蛋白-5马达之间的反向作用力最近被认为与微管成核的调节有关。我们还讨论了目前对驱动蛋白-14马达家族成员在细胞分裂重要方面（包括纺锤极、纺锤体组织和染色体分离）所具有的多种基本功能的理解的最新进展。
