Solano-Gallego Laia, Cardoso Luís, Pennisi Maria Grazia, Petersen Christine, Bourdeau Patrick, Oliva Gaetano, Miró Guadalupe, Ferrer Lluís, Baneth Gad
Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.
Trends Parasitol. 2017 Sep;33(9):706-717. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2017.06.004. Epub 2017 Jul 6.
The diagnosis of canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is complex due to its variable clinical manifestations and laboratory findings. The availability of vaccines to prevent CanL has increased the complexity of diagnosis, as serological tests may not distinguish between naturally infected and vaccinated dogs. Current practices of prevaccination screening are not sufficiently sensitive to detect subclinically infected dogs, resulting in the vaccination of infected animals, which may lead to disease in vaccinated dogs that are also infectious to sand flies. This review evaluates the current techniques for diagnosing CanL, and focuses on new challenges raised by the increasing use of vaccines against this disease. Important gaps in knowledge regarding the diagnosis of CanL are underscored to highlight the need for novel diagnostic test development.
犬利什曼病（CanL）的诊断较为复杂，因为其临床表现和实验室检查结果具有多样性。预防CanL疫苗的出现增加了诊断的复杂性，因为血清学检测可能无法区分自然感染和接种疫苗的犬只。目前的疫苗接种前筛查方法对检测亚临床感染犬的敏感性不足，导致感染动物接种疫苗，这可能会使接种疫苗的犬只发病，且这些犬只对白蛉也具有传染性。本综述评估了目前诊断CanL的技术，并重点关注了针对该疾病疫苗使用增加所带来的新挑战。强调了在CanL诊断方面存在的重要知识空白，以凸显开发新型诊断测试的必要性。
