University of Ljubljana , Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Agronomy, Chair for Fruit, Wine and Vegetable Growing, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
University of Ljubljana , Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
J Agric Food Chem. 2017 Aug 9;65(31):6615-6624. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02188. Epub 2017 Jul 26.
Alterations in phenolic contents were studied in Esca symptomatic (Sym) and asymptomatic (Asym) vines of 'Cabernet Sauvignon' based on wood conditions (healthy, HLT; necrotic, Nec; and rotten, Rot) and vine parts (head, trunk, and rootstock). In Asym vines, only Alternaria alternate was identified in Nec wood, while the HLT wood of Sym vines was colonized by Botryospaeriaceae sp. and Aureobasidium pullulans, Nec wood by Fomitiporia mediterranea, and Rot wood by Fomitiporia mediterranea and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora. Esca infection caused a significant accumulation of gallic acid, total flavanols, stilbenes (STB), and total analyzed phenolics (TAP) in all studied woods, especially in Nec wood. In Asym vines, TAP in the head increased with necrosis, but in Sym it decreased, while TAP in the trunk and rootstock of Sym showed an opposite response. The significantly highest contents of procyanidins (Pcys), catechin, epicatechin, epicatechin gallates, and Pcys dimers and tetramers were measured in HLT wood in the head and in Nec wood in the trunk of Sym vines. The significant increase of STB content was not caused only by Esca infection in HLT wood but also by necrosis in Asym vines, especially of ε-viniferin glucoside, resveratrol glycosides, and astringin. The obtained results suggest that the alteration in phenolics differed not only due to Esca infection but also due to the wood conditions and vine part, which might reflect the impact of the duration of the presence of the pathogen in different parts of the vine.
基于木质部条件（健康，HLT；坏死，Nec；腐烂，Rot）和葡萄藤部位（头部、树干和砧木），研究了 Esca 症状（Sym）和无症状（Asym）'赤霞珠'葡萄藤中酚类物质的变化。在 Asym 葡萄藤中，仅在 Nec 木质部中鉴定出交替链格孢菌，而 Sym 葡萄藤的 HLT 木质部被 Botryospaeriaceae sp. 和 Aureobasidium pullulans 定殖，Nec 木质部被 Fomitiporia mediterranea，Rot 木质部被 Fomitiporia mediterranea 和 Phaeomoniella chlamydospora 定殖。Esca 感染导致所有研究木质部，尤其是 Nec 木质部中没食子酸、总黄烷醇、芪类（STB）和总分析酚（TAP）的显著积累。在 Asym 葡萄藤中，头部的 TAP 随着坏死而增加，但在 Sym 中则减少，而 Sym 葡萄藤的树干和砧木的 TAP 则呈现相反的反应。在 Sym 葡萄藤的 HLT 木质部头部和 Nec 木质部树干中，测得原花青素（Pcys）、儿茶素、表儿茶素、表儿茶素没食子酸酯和 Pcys 二聚体和四聚体的含量显著最高。STB 含量的显著增加不仅是由 HLT 木质部中的 Esca 感染引起的，而且是由 Asym 葡萄藤中的坏死引起的，特别是 ε-viniferin 葡萄糖苷、白藜芦醇糖苷和鞣花单宁。所得结果表明，酚类物质的变化不仅由于 Esca 感染，而且由于木质部条件和葡萄藤部位的不同而不同，这可能反映了病原体在葡萄藤不同部位存在时间的影响。
