Moldal Torfinn, Vikøren Turid, Cliquet Florence, Marston Denise A, van der Kooij Jeroen, Madslien Knut, Ørpetveit Irene
Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Postbox 750, Sentrum, 0106, Oslo, Norway.
Nancy OIE/WHO/EU Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, CS 40009, 54220, Malzéville, France.
BMC Vet Res. 2017 Jul 11;13(1):216. doi: 10.1186/s12917-017-1135-z.
In Europe, bat rabies is primarily attributed to European bat lyssavirus type 1 (EBLV-1) and European bat lyssavirus type 2 (EBLV-2) which are both strongly host-specific. Approximately thirty cases of infection with EBLV-2 in Daubenton's bats (Myotis daubentonii) and pond bats (M. dasycneme) have been reported. Two human cases of rabies caused by EBLV-2 have also been confirmed during the last thirty years, while natural spill-over to other non-flying mammals has never been reported. Rabies has never been diagnosed in mainland Norway previously.
In late September 2015, a subadult male Daubenton's bat was found in a poor condition 800 m above sea level in the southern part of Norway. The bat was brought to the national Bat Care Centre where it eventually displayed signs of neurological disease and died after two days. EBLV-2 was detected in brain tissues by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by sequencing of a part of the nucleoprotein gene, and lyssavirus was isolated in neuroblastoma cells.
The detection of EBLV-2 in a bat in Norway broadens the knowledge on the occurrence of this zoonotic agent. Since Norway is considered free of rabies, adequate information to the general public regarding the possibility of human cases of bat-associated rabies should be given. No extensive surveillance of lyssavirus infections in bats has been conducted in the country, and a passive surveillance network to assess rabies prevalence and bat epidemiology is highly desired.
在欧洲，蝙蝠狂犬病主要归因于1型欧洲蝙蝠狂犬病病毒（EBLV-1）和2型欧洲蝙蝠狂犬病病毒（EBLV-2），这两种病毒都具有很强的宿主特异性。已报告在达氏鼠耳蝠（Myotis daubentonii）和水鼠耳蝠（M. dasycneme）中约有30例EBLV-2感染病例。在过去三十年中还确诊了两例由EBLV-2引起的人类狂犬病病例，而从未报告过该病毒自然传播到其他非飞行哺乳动物的情况。挪威大陆此前从未诊断出狂犬病。
2015年9月下旬，在挪威南部海拔800米处发现一只状况不佳的亚成年雄性达氏鼠耳蝠。这只蝙蝠被带到国家蝙蝠护理中心，最终出现神经疾病症状，并在两天后死亡。通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）在脑组织中检测到EBLV-2，随后对核蛋白基因的一部分进行测序，并在神经母细胞瘤细胞中分离出狂犬病病毒。
在挪威的一只蝙蝠中检测到EBLV-2，拓宽了对这种人畜共患病原体分布情况的认识。由于挪威被认为没有狂犬病，应向公众提供关于蝙蝠相关人类狂犬病病例可能性的充分信息。该国尚未对蝙蝠中的狂犬病病毒感染进行广泛监测，因此迫切需要一个被动监测网络来评估狂犬病流行情况和蝙蝠流行病学。
