Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2017 Sep;24(25):20261-20272. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-9502-7. Epub 2017 Jul 13.
Although the growths of ambient pollutants have been attracting public concern, the characteristic of the associations between air pollutants and mortality remains elusive. Time series analysis with a generalized additive model was performed to estimate the associations between ambient air pollutants and mortality outcomes in Shenzhen City for the period of 2012-2014. The results showed that nitrogen dioxide (NO)-induced excess risks (ER) of total non-accidental mortality and cardiovascular mortality were significantly increased (6.05% (95% CI 3.38%, 8.78%); 6.88% (95% CI 2.98%, 10.93%), respectively) in interquartile range (IQR) increase analysis. Also, these associations were strengthened after adjusting for other pollutants. Moreover, similar associations were estimated for sulfur dioxide (SO), particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of <10 μm (PM), and total non-accidental mortality. There were significant higher ERs of associations between PM and mortality for men than women; while there were significant higher ERs of associations between PM/NO and mortality for elders (65 or elder) than youngers (64 or younger). Season analyses showed that associations between NO and total non-accidental mortality were more pronounced in hot seasons than in warm seasons. Taken together, NO was positively associated with total non-accidental mortality and cardiovascular mortality in Shenzhen even when the concentrations were below the ambient air quality standard. Policy measures should aim at reducing residents' exposure to anthropogenic NO emissions.
尽管环境污染物的增长一直引起公众关注，但空气污染物与死亡率之间的关联特征仍然难以捉摸。本研究采用广义相加模型进行时间序列分析，以估计 2012-2014 年深圳市大气污染物与死亡率之间的关系。结果表明，二氧化氮（NO）引起的全因非意外死亡和心血管疾病死亡率的超额风险（ER）明显增加（IQR 增加分析中分别为 6.05%（95%CI：3.38%，8.78%）和 6.88%（95%CI：2.98%，10.93%））。此外，在调整其他污染物后，这些关联得到了加强。此外，在二氧化硫（SO）、空气动力学直径<10μm 的颗粒物（PM）和全因非意外死亡之间也估计出了类似的关联。PM 与死亡率之间的关联在男性中比女性中估计出了更高的 ER；而 PM/NO 与死亡率之间的关联在 65 岁及以上老年人中比 64 岁及以下年轻人中估计出了更高的 ER。季节分析表明，NO 与全因非意外死亡率之间的关联在热季比在暖季更为显著。综上所述，即使在环境空气质量标准以下，NO 与深圳全因非意外死亡和心血管疾病死亡之间仍呈正相关。政策措施应旨在减少居民对人为 NO 排放的暴露。
