Desaeger Johan, Dickson Donald W, Locascio S J
Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611.
Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611.
J Nematol. 2017 Jun;49(2):140-149. doi: 10.21307/jofnem-2017-058.
The following work was initiated to determine the scope of application methodology and fumigant combinations for increasing efficacy of 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) and metam sodium for management of root-knot nematodes ( spp.) in Florida. A series of five experiments were set up during spring and fall seasons to evaluate the potential of different fumigants, alone or in combination, in polyethylene film tomato production. The most promising chemical alternatives to methyl bromide, in terms of root-knot nematode management, were the combinations 1,3-D-chloropicrin, chloropicrin-proprietary solvent ,and 1,3-D-metam sodium. Sprayed or injected metam sodium generally provided only short-term nematode management and by harvest nematode infection was not different from the nontreated control. Drip-applied metam sodium gave good nematode management under high nematode pressure, but needs further verification to establish (i) the importance of soil moisture and temperature on treatment efficacy and (ii) whether similar management can be obtained with fewer than three drip tubes. Broadcast applications of 1,3-D showed better efficacy as compared to applications on a preformed raised bed. Fumigation did not increase tomato yields in spring when root-knot nematode pressure was low, but during fall all chemical treatments increased yields three to five-fold, as root-knot nematode was a major yield-limiting factor.
开展以下工作是为了确定应用方法和熏蒸剂组合的范围，以提高1,3 - 二氯丙烯（1,3 - D）和威百亩在佛罗里达州防治根结线虫方面的功效。在春季和秋季进行了一系列五个实验，以评估不同熏蒸剂单独或组合在聚乙烯薄膜覆盖的番茄生产中的潜力。就根结线虫防治而言，最有前景的替代甲基溴的化学药剂组合是1,3 - D - 氯化苦、氯化苦 - 专用溶剂以及1,3 - D - 威百亩。喷雾或注射施用威百亩通常只能提供短期的线虫防治效果，到收获时线虫感染情况与未处理的对照并无差异。在高线虫压力下，滴灌施用威百亩对线虫有良好的防治效果，但需要进一步验证以确定：（i）土壤湿度和温度对处理效果的重要性；（ii）使用少于三根滴灌管是否能获得类似的防治效果。与在预先形成的高畦上施用相比，1,3 - D撒施显示出更好的效果。在春季根结线虫压力较低时，熏蒸并未提高番茄产量，但在秋季，由于根结线虫是主要的产量限制因素，所有化学处理都使产量提高了三到五倍。
