Zheng Qiang, Shi Bojing, Li Zhou, Wang Zhong Lin
Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Chinese Academy of Sciences National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) Beijing 100083 P. R. China.
School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332.
Adv Sci (Weinh). 2017 Mar 27;4(7):1700029. doi: 10.1002/advs.201700029. eCollection 2017 Jul.
Implantable medical devices (IMDs) have become indispensable medical tools for improving the quality of life and prolonging the patient's lifespan. The minimization and extension of lifetime are main challenges for the development of IMDs. Current innovative research on this topic is focused on internal charging using the energy generated by the physiological environment or natural body activity. To harvest biomechanical energy efficiently, piezoelectric and triboelectric energy harvesters with sophisticated structural and material design have been developed. Energy from body movement, muscle contraction/relaxation, cardiac/lung motions, and blood circulation is captured and used for powering medical devices. Other recent progress in this field includes using PENGs and TENGs for our cognition of the biological processes by biological pressure/strain sensing, or direct intervention of them for some special self-powered treatments. Future opportunities lie in the fabrication of intelligent, flexible, stretchable, and/or fully biodegradable self-powered medical systems for monitoring biological signals and treatment of various diseases in vitro and in vivo.
植入式医疗设备（IMD）已成为改善生活质量和延长患者寿命不可或缺的医疗工具。设备的小型化和延长使用寿命是IMD发展面临的主要挑战。目前关于这一主题的创新性研究集中在利用生理环境或自然身体活动产生的能量进行内部充电。为了高效采集生物机械能，已开发出具有精密结构和材料设计的压电和摩擦电能量采集器。身体运动、肌肉收缩/放松、心脏/肺部运动以及血液循环产生的能量被捕获并用于为医疗设备供电。该领域最近的其他进展包括利用压电纳米发电机（PENG）和摩擦纳米发电机（TENG）通过生物压力/应变传感来认知生物过程，或对其进行直接干预以实现一些特殊的自供电治疗。未来的机遇在于制造智能、灵活、可拉伸和/或完全可生物降解的自供电医疗系统，用于体外和体内监测生物信号以及治疗各种疾病。
