Light Michael T, Miller Ty, Kelly Brian C
At the time of the study, all of the authors were with the Department of Sociology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.
Am J Public Health. 2017 Sep;107(9):1448-1454. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303884. Epub 2017 Jul 20.
To examine the influence of undocumented immigration in the United States on 4 different metrics of drug and alcohol problems: drug arrests, drug overdose fatalities, driving under the influence (DUI) arrests, and DUI deaths.
We combined newly developed state-level estimates of the undocumented population between 1990 and 2014 from the Center for Migration Studies with arrest data from the Federal Bureau of Investigation Uniform Crime Reports and fatality information from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Underlying Cause of Death database. We used fixed-effects regression models to examine the longitudinal association between increased undocumented immigration and drug problems and drunk driving.
Increased undocumented immigration was significantly associated with reductions in drug arrests, drug overdose deaths, and DUI arrests, net of other factors. There was no significant relationship between increased undocumented immigration and DUI deaths.
This study provides evidence that undocumented immigration has not increased the prevalence of drug or alcohol problems, but may be associated with reductions in these public health concerns.
研究美国无证移民对毒品和酒精问题的4种不同衡量指标的影响，这些指标包括毒品逮捕、药物过量致死、酒后驾车（DUI）逮捕以及酒后驾车死亡。
我们将移民研究中心新编制的1990年至2014年各州无证人口估计数据，与联邦调查局统一犯罪报告中的逮捕数据、死亡分析报告系统以及疾病控制与预防中心潜在死因数据库中的死亡信息相结合。我们使用固定效应回归模型来研究无证移民增加与毒品问题及酒后驾车之间的纵向关联。
在排除其他因素后，无证移民增加与毒品逮捕、药物过量死亡及酒后驾车逮捕的减少显著相关。无证移民增加与酒后驾车死亡之间没有显著关系。
本研究提供的证据表明，无证移民并未增加毒品或酒精问题的发生率，反而可能与这些公共卫生问题的减少有关。
