Sociomedical Research Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología 'Ignacio Chávez', Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Mexico City 03940, Mexico.
Nutrients. 2017 Jul 27;9(8):810. doi: 10.3390/nu9080810.
Excessive dietary sodium intake increases blood pressure and cardiovascular risk. In Western diets, the majority of dietary sodium comes from packaged and prepared foods (≈75%); however, in Mexico there is no available data on the main food sources of dietary sodium. The main objective of this study was to identify and characterize the major food sources of dietary sodium in a sample of the Mexican Salt and Mexico (SALMEX) cohort. Adult male and female participants of the SALMEX study who provided a complete and valid three-day food record during the baseline visit were included. Overall, 950 participants (mean age 38.6 ± 10.7 years) were analyzed to determine the total sodium contributed by the main food sources of sodium identified. Mean daily sodium intake estimated by three-day food records and 24-h urinary sodium excretion was 2647.2 ± 976.9 mg/day and 3497.2 ± 1393.0, in the overall population, respectively. Processed meat was the main contributor to daily sodium intake, representing 8% of total sodium intake per capita as measured by three-day food records. When savory bread (8%) and sweet bakery goods (8%) were considered together as bread products, these were the major contributor to daily sodium intake, accounting for the 16% of total sodium intake, followed by processed meat (8%), natural cheeses (5%), and tacos (5%). These results highlight the need for public health policies focused on reducing the sodium content of processed food in Mexico.
过量的膳食钠摄入会增加血压和心血管风险。在西方饮食中，大部分膳食钠来自包装和加工食品（约 75%）；然而，在墨西哥，关于膳食钠的主要食物来源尚没有可用的数据。本研究的主要目的是在墨西哥盐和墨西哥（SALMEX）队列的样本中确定并描述膳食钠的主要食物来源。在基线访视期间提供完整且有效的三天食物记录的 SALMEX 研究的成年男性和女性参与者被纳入研究。总体而言，分析了 950 名参与者（平均年龄 38.6 ± 10.7 岁），以确定确定的主要钠源对钠的总摄入量的贡献。通过三天食物记录和 24 小时尿钠排泄估计的平均每日钠摄入量分别为 2647.2 ± 976.9 mg/天和 3497.2 ± 1393.0，在总人口中分别。加工肉类是每日钠摄入量的主要来源，占每人每天总钠摄入量的 8%，通过三天食物记录测量。当将咸味面包（8%）和甜面包制品（8%）一起视为面包产品时，它们是每日钠摄入量的主要来源，占总钠摄入量的 16%，其次是加工肉类（8%）、天然奶酪（5%）和玉米饼（5%）。这些结果强调了墨西哥需要制定公共卫生政策，重点减少加工食品中的钠含量。
