Pokusa Michal, Kráľová Trančíková Alžbeta
Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Center Martin JFM CU, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Department of Pathophysiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017;2017:8210734. doi: 10.1155/2017/8210734. Epub 2017 Jul 2.
Traditionally, oxidative stress as a biological aspect is defined as an imbalance between the free radical generation and antioxidant capacity of living systems. The intracellular imbalance of ions, disturbance in membrane dynamics, hypoxic conditions, and dysregulation of gene expression are all molecular pathogenic mechanisms closely associated with oxidative stress and underpin systemic changes in the body. These also include aspects such as chronic immune system activation, the impairment of cellular structure renewal, and alterations in the character of the endocrine secretion of diverse tissues. All of these mentioned features are crucial for the correct function of the various tissue types in the body. In the present review, we summarize current knowledge about the common roots of metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders induced by oxidative stress. We discuss these common roots with regard to the way that (1) the respective metal ions are involved in the maintenance of oxidative balance and (2) the metabolic and signaling disturbances of the most important biometals, such as Mg, Zn, Se, Fe, or Cu, can be considered as the central connection point between the pathogenesis of both types of disorders and oxidative stress.
传统上，氧化应激作为一个生物学概念，被定义为生物系统中自由基生成与抗氧化能力之间的失衡。细胞内离子失衡、膜动力学紊乱、缺氧条件以及基因表达失调，都是与氧化应激密切相关的分子致病机制，也是身体系统性变化的基础。这些变化还包括慢性免疫系统激活、细胞结构更新受损以及各种组织内分泌分泌特性的改变等方面。所有这些特征对于身体各种组织类型的正常功能都至关重要。在本综述中，我们总结了目前关于氧化应激诱导的代谢和神经退行性疾病共同根源的知识。我们从以下两个方面讨论这些共同根源：（1）各自的金属离子如何参与维持氧化平衡；（2）最重要的生物金属（如镁、锌、硒、铁或铜）的代谢和信号紊乱如何被视为这两种疾病的发病机制与氧化应激之间的核心连接点。
