Sheffert S M
Indiana University, Bloomington, USA.
Mem Cognit. 1998 May;26(3):591-8. doi: 10.3758/bf03201165.
This research explores the nature of the memory traces that support spoken word identification. Specifically, do voice-specificity effects in implicit memory depend on information in a perceptual representational system or, alternatively, on the similarity of study and test exemplars? Memory for words and voices was assessed with two perceptual identification tests--the identification of words in noise and the identification of low-pass filtered words--after two encoding conditions (identification of words in noise and of words in the clear). At test, a word was presented in the same voice as at study or in a different voice. The data from the two experiments showed that study-to-test changes in voice reduced priming and that voice-specificity effects were greatest when the type of processing engaged at study overlapped with that required at test. Taken together, the results implicate the goodness of the processing match between encoding and test as the primary determinant of voice-specificity effects on perceptual identification tests and support the hypothesis that both voice and word information is represented within a single episodic memory system.
本研究探讨了支持口语单词识别的记忆痕迹的本质。具体而言，内隐记忆中的语音特异性效应是取决于知觉表征系统中的信息，还是取决于学习和测试示例的相似性？在两种编码条件（噪声中单词的识别和清晰语音中单词的识别）之后，通过两项知觉识别测试——噪声中单词的识别和低通滤波单词的识别——来评估对单词和语音的记忆。在测试时，呈现的单词与学习时的语音相同或不同。两项实验的数据表明，学习到测试时语音的变化会减少启动效应，并且当学习时进行的加工类型与测试时所需的加工类型重叠时，语音特异性效应最大。综合来看，结果表明编码与测试之间加工匹配的良好程度是语音特异性效应在知觉识别测试中的主要决定因素，并支持这样一种假设，即语音和单词信息都在单个情景记忆系统中得到表征。
