Ferri Paola, Rovesti Sergio, Panzera Nunzio, Marcheselli Luigi, Bari Alessia, Di Lorenzo Rosaria
Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia.
Acta Biomed. 2017 Jul 18;88(3S):22-30. doi: 10.23750/abm.v88i3-S.6610.
An empathic approach is fundamental for therapeutic relationship between nurse and patient. According to some researchers, female nursing students show higher empathic attitude in comparison with males, but both show a decline in empathy level as their studies progress. This preliminary study evaluated the self-reported emotional empathy level among undergraduate students at first and second year of nursing 3-year course.
To assess empathy level, the Balanced Emotional Empathy Scale (BEES) was administered to all students enrolled in the 2015/16 academic year (N=142), at the beginning of first year (T0) and at mid-point of second year (T1) of nursing course. Data were statistically analyzed.
118 nursing students participated in the first and 99 in the second survey. The BEES global mean score for the longitudinal group (n=99) slightly decreased from T0 (mean=37.1±19.5 SD) to T1 (mean=33.5±22.6 SD) (t=1.20, p=0.23; t-test for paired data). Female students reported a statistically significant higher mean BEES score compared to male students in both surveys.
Our preliminary data suggest a slight decline in empathy level among nursing students with the progress of study course, in accordance with previous studies. In particular, our study shows higher levels of empathy in female students and lower levels in male students, compared to other studies. Further surveys aimed at investigating the empathy attitude at the end of nursing course could confirm the decline tendency reported by this preliminary study. Other research focusing on the causes of empathy decline are necessary to explain this phenomenon.
共情方法是护士与患者治疗关系的基础。一些研究人员认为，与男性护理专业学生相比，女性护理专业学生表现出更高的共情态度，但随着学业的推进，两者的共情水平均呈下降趋势。本初步研究评估了护理三年制课程大一和大二本科生自我报告的情感共情水平。
为评估共情水平，对2015/16学年入学的所有学生（N = 142）在护理课程的第一年开始时（T0）和第二年中期（T1）使用平衡情感共情量表（BEES）进行测评。对数据进行统计学分析。
118名护理专业学生参与了第一次调查，99名参与了第二次调查。纵向研究组（n = 99）的BEES全球平均得分从T0（均值 = 37.1±19.5标准差）略微下降至T1（均值 = 33.5±22.6标准差）（t = 1.20，p = 0.23；配对数据t检验）。在两次调查中，女生报告的BEES平均得分均显著高于男生。
我们的初步数据表明，随着学习课程的推进，护理专业学生的共情水平略有下降，这与之前的研究一致。特别是，与其他研究相比，我们的研究显示女生的共情水平较高，男生较低。旨在调查护理课程结束时共情态度的进一步调查可能会证实本初步研究所报告的下降趋势。有必要开展其他关注共情下降原因的研究来解释这一现象。
