Ludwig Cassie A, Newsom Megan R, Jais Alexandre, Myung David J, Murthy Somasheila I, Chang Robert T
Department of Ophthalmology, The Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine.
Department of Ophthalmology, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Clin Ophthalmol. 2017 Jul 14;11:1301-1307. doi: 10.2147/OPTH.S134656. eCollection 2017.
We aimed at evaluating the ability of individuals without ophthalmologic training to quickly capture high-quality images of the cornea by using a smartphone and low-cost anterior segment imaging adapter (the "EyeGo" prototype).
Seven volunteers photographed 1,502 anterior segments from 751 high school students in Varni, India, by using an iPhone 5S with an attached EyeGo adapter. Primary outcome measures were median photograph quality of the cornea and anterior segment of the eye (validated Fundus Photography vs Ophthalmoscopy Trial Outcomes in the Emergency Department [FOTO-ED] study; 1-5 scale; 5, best) and the time required to take each photograph. Volunteers were surveyed on their familiarity with using a smartphone (1-5 scale; 5, very comfortable) and comfort in assessing problems with the eye (1-5 scale; 5, very comfortable). Binomial logistic regression was performed using image quality (low quality: <4; high quality: ≥4) as the dependent variable and age, comfort using a smartphone, and comfort in assessing problems with the eye as independent variables.
Six of the seven volunteers captured high-quality (median ≥4/5) images with a median time of ≤25 seconds per eye for all the eyes screened. Four of the seven volunteers demonstrated significant reductions in time to acquire photographs (1=0.01, 5=0.01, 6=0.01, and 7=0.01), and three of the seven volunteers demonstrated significant improvements in the quality of photographs between the first 100 and last 100 eyes screened (1<0.001, 2<0.001, and 6<0.01). Self-reported comfort using a smartphone (odds ratio [OR] =1.25; 95% CI =1.13 to 1.39) and self-reported comfort diagnosing eye conditions (OR =1.17; 95% CI =1.07 to 1.29) were significantly associated with an ability to take a high-quality image (≥4/5). There was a nonsignificant association between younger age and ability to take a high-quality image.
Individuals without ophthalmic training were able to quickly capture a high-quality magnified view of the anterior segment of the eye by using a smartphone with an attached imaging adapter.
我们旨在评估未接受眼科培训的个体使用智能手机和低成本眼前节成像适配器（“EyeGo”原型）快速获取高质量角膜图像的能力。
7名志愿者使用配备EyeGo适配器的iPhone 5S为印度瓦尔尼的751名高中生拍摄了1502张眼前节照片。主要结局指标为角膜和眼部前段照片的质量中位数（通过急诊科眼底摄影与检眼镜检查试验结果验证[FOTO-ED]研究；1-5分制；5分为最佳）以及拍摄每张照片所需的时间。对志愿者进行了关于他们使用智能手机的熟悉程度（1-5分制；5分为非常熟练）和评估眼部问题的舒适度（1-5分制；5分为非常舒适）的调查。以图像质量（低质量：<4；高质量：≥4）为因变量，年龄、使用智能手机的舒适度以及评估眼部问题的舒适度为自变量进行二项逻辑回归分析。
7名志愿者中有6人拍摄到了高质量（中位数≥4/5）的图像，所有筛查眼睛每只眼睛的拍摄时间中位数≤25秒。7名志愿者中有4人拍摄照片的时间显著缩短（1号志愿者=0.01，5号志愿者=0.01，6号志愿者=0.01，7号志愿者=0.01），7名志愿者中有3人在筛查的前100只眼睛和后100只眼睛之间照片质量有显著提高（1号志愿者<0.001，2号志愿者<0.001，6号志愿者<0.01）。自我报告的使用智能手机的舒适度（优势比[OR]=1.25；95%置信区间[CI]=1.13至1.39）和自我报告的诊断眼部疾病的舒适度（OR=1.17；95%CI=1.07至1.29）与拍摄高质量图像（≥4/5）的能力显著相关。年龄与拍摄高质量图像的能力之间存在不显著的关联。
未接受眼科培训的个体能够通过使用配备成像适配器的智能手机快速获取眼部前段的高质量放大图像。
