St Laurent Brandyce, Burton Timothy A, Zubaidah Siti, Miller Helen C, Asih Puji B, Baharuddin Amirullah, Kosasih Sully, Firman Saya, Hawley William A, Burkot Thomas R, Syafruddin Din, Sukowati Supratman, Collins Frank H, Lobo Neil F
Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Malar J. 2017 Aug 2;16(1):310. doi: 10.1186/s12936-017-1950-5.
Indonesia is home to a variety of malaria vectors whose specific bionomic traits remain largely uncharacterized. Species-specific behaviours, such as host feeding preferences, impact the dynamics of malaria transmission and the effectiveness of vector control interventions.
To examine species-specific host attraction and feeding behaviours, a Latin square design was used to compare Anopheles mosquitoes attracted to human, cow, and goat-baited tents. Anopheles mosquitoes were collected hourly from the inside walls of each baited tent. Species were morphologically and then molecularly identified using rDNA ITS2 sequences. The head and thorax of individual specimens were analysed for Plasmodium DNA using PCR. Bloodmeals were identified using a multiplex PCR.
A total of 1024, 137, and 74 Anopheles were collected over 12 nights in cow, goat, and human-baited tents, respectively. The species were identified as Anopheles kochi, Anopheles farauti s.s., Anopheles hackeri, Anopheles hinesorum, Anopheles indefinitus, Anopheles punctulatus, Anopheles tessellatus, Anopheles vagus, and Anopheles vanus, many of which are known to transmit human malaria. Molecular analysis of blood meals revealed a high level of feeding on multiple host species in a single night. Anopheles kochi, An. indefinitus, and An. vanus were infected with Plasmodium vivax at rates comparable to primary malaria vectors.
The species distributions of Anopheles mosquitoes attracted to human, goat, and cow hosts were similar. Eight of nine sporozoite positive samples were captured with animal-baited traps, indicating that even predominantly zoophilic mosquitoes may be contributing to malaria transmission. Multiple host feeding and flexibility in blood feeding behaviour have important implications for malaria transmission, malaria control, and the effectiveness of intervention and monitoring methods, particularly those that target human-feeding vectors.
印度尼西亚是多种疟疾传播媒介的栖息地，但其具体的生物学特性在很大程度上仍未得到充分描述。特定物种的行为，如宿主取食偏好，会影响疟疾传播动态以及病媒控制干预措施的效果。
为了研究特定物种对宿主的吸引力和取食行为，采用拉丁方设计比较吸引到以人、牛和山羊为诱饵的帐篷中的按蚊。每小时从每个诱饵帐篷的内壁收集按蚊。通过形态学鉴定物种，然后使用rDNA ITS2序列进行分子鉴定。使用聚合酶链反应（PCR）分析单个标本的头部和胸部是否存在疟原虫DNA。使用多重PCR鉴定血餐。
在以牛、山羊和人作为诱饵的帐篷中，分别在12个晚上共收集到1024只、137只和74只按蚊。这些物种被鉴定为科氏按蚊、法氏按蚊指名亚种、哈氏按蚊、希氏按蚊、不定按蚊、斑点按蚊、棋盘按蚊、迷走按蚊和范氏按蚊，其中许多已知会传播人类疟疾。血餐的分子分析显示，在单个晚上有大量按蚊取食多种宿主物种。科氏按蚊、不定按蚊和范氏按蚊感染间日疟原虫的比率与主要疟疾传播媒介相当。
吸引到人类、山羊和牛宿主的按蚊物种分布相似。九个子孢子阳性样本中有八个是用动物诱饵诱捕器捕获的，这表明即使是主要嗜动物血的蚊子也可能在疟疾传播中起作用。多种宿主取食和血液取食行为的灵活性对疟疾传播、疟疾控制以及干预和监测方法的有效性具有重要意义，特别是那些针对吸食人血的病媒的方法。
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