Nicklas Theresa A, O'Neil Carol, Fulgoni Victor
USDA Agriculture Research Services, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.
LSU Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803.
J Sch Health. 2017 Sep;87(9):650-657. doi: 10.1111/josh.12537.
Some schools are removing flavored milk because of the perception that it negatively impacts children's overall diet. This study assessed the contribution of flavored milk to their diets.
Individual usual intakes (IUI) were calculated from 24-hour dietary recalls of children 2-18 years (N = 20,329) participating in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2012. IUI of >0.25 cup equivalent of flavored dairy milk defined consumers (N = 3564; 56% boys). Covariate-adjusted regression analyses using appropriate sample weights were calculated. Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) and Adequate Intakes (AI) determined the relation to dietary recommendations. Consumers were compared to nonconsumers (p ≤ .001).
Flavored milk consumers consumed more milk. Consumers aged 2-3 years had higher mean added sugars intakes. Consumers aged between 2-3 and 9-13 years had a higher saturated fat (SFA) intake. Consumers aged 14-18 years had higher percent energy from SFA. Consumers had a lower mean percentage of children meeting AI for fiber and a higher percentage meeting the EAR for calcium. Consumers aged 4-8 and 9-13 years had a higher mean percentage of children meeting the EAR for magnesium.
Consumption of flavored milk has the potential to increase milk consumption and reduce the percentage of children below the EAR for calcium; the percentage meeting AI for fiber was lower.
一些学校正在取消调味牛奶，因为人们认为它会对儿童的整体饮食产生负面影响。本研究评估了调味牛奶在儿童饮食中的作用。
根据参与2001 - 2012年美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）的2 - 18岁儿童（N = 20329）的24小时饮食回忆计算个体通常摄入量（IUI）。IUI大于0.25杯等量调味牛奶的定义为消费者（N = 3564；56%为男孩）。使用适当的样本权重进行协变量调整回归分析。估计平均需求量（EAR）和适宜摄入量（AI）确定与饮食建议的关系。将消费者与非消费者进行比较（p≤0.001）。
调味牛奶消费者饮用了更多牛奶。2 - 3岁的消费者平均添加糖摄入量更高。2 - 3岁和9 - 13岁的消费者饱和脂肪（SFA）摄入量更高。14 - 18岁的消费者来自SFA的能量百分比更高。消费者中达到纤维AI的儿童平均百分比更低，而达到钙EAR的儿童百分比更高。4 - 8岁和9 - 13岁的消费者中达到镁EAR的儿童平均百分比更高。
饮用调味牛奶有可能增加牛奶摄入量，并降低钙摄入量低于EAR的儿童百分比；达到纤维AI的百分比更低。
