Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Department of Human Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2022 Jun;56(6):617-641. doi: 10.1177/00048674211031486. Epub 2021 Jul 27.
Studies of child and adolescent internalizing symptoms and dietary pattern have produced mixed results.
To quantify the association between dietary patterns and internalizing symptoms, including depression, in children and adolescents.
Embase, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Web of Science and Cochrane up to March 2021.
Observational studies and randomized controlled trials with mean age ⩽ 18 years, reporting associations between diet patterns and internalizing symptoms.
Mean effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals were determined under a random-effects model.
Twenty-six studies were cross-sectional, 12 were prospective, and 1 used a case-control design. The total number of participants enrolled ranged from 73,726 to 116,546. Healthy dietary patterns were negatively associated with internalizing ( = -0.07, < 0.001, 95% confidence interval [-0.12, 0.06]) and depressive symptoms ( = -0.10, < 0.001, 95% confidence interval [-0.18, -0.08]). Effect sizes were larger for studies of healthy dietary patterns and internalizing and depressive symptoms using self-report versus parent-report measures, as well as in cross-sectional studies of healthy dietary patterns and depression compared to prospective studies. Unhealthy dietary patterns were positively associated with internalizing ( = 0.09, < 0.001, 95% confidence interval [0.06, 0.14]) and depressive symptoms ( = 0.10, < 0.01, 95% CI [0.05, 0.17]). Larger effect sizes were observed for studies of unhealthy dietary patterns and internalizing and depressive symptoms using self-report versus parent-report measures.
A lack of studies including clinical samples and/or physician diagnosis, and a paucity of studies in which anxiety symptoms were the primary mental health outcome.
Greater depression and internalizing symptoms are associated with greater unhealthy dietary patterns and with lower healthy dietary intake among children and adolescents.
儿童和青少年的内在症状与饮食模式的研究结果喜忧参半。
量化饮食模式与内在症状（包括抑郁）之间的关联，包括儿童和青少年。
Embase、PsycINFO、MEDLINE、Web of Science 和 Cochrane 数据库，截至 2021 年 3 月。
观察性研究和随机对照试验，平均年龄 ⩽ 18 岁，报告饮食模式与内在症状之间的关系。
在随机效应模型下确定平均效应大小和 95%置信区间。
26 项研究为横断面研究，12 项为前瞻性研究，1 项为病例对照设计。纳入的研究参与者总数从 73726 到 116546 不等。健康饮食模式与内在（ ⁇ = -0.07， ⁇ < 0.001，95%置信区间[-0.12，0.06]）和抑郁症状（ ⁇ = -0.10， ⁇ < 0.001，95%置信区间[-0.18，-0.08]）呈负相关。使用自我报告与父母报告的措施衡量健康饮食模式与内在和抑郁症状时，以及横断面研究中健康饮食模式与抑郁相比前瞻性研究时，研究的效果大小更大。不健康的饮食模式与内在（ ⁇ = 0.09， ⁇ < 0.001，95%置信区间[0.06，0.14]）和抑郁症状（ ⁇ = 0.10， ⁇ < 0.01，95%置信区间[0.05，0.17]）呈正相关。使用自我报告与父母报告的措施衡量不健康饮食模式与内在和抑郁症状时，观察到更大的效果大小。
缺乏包括临床样本和/或医生诊断的研究，以及焦虑症状是主要心理健康结果的研究较少。
儿童和青少年中，更大的抑郁和内在症状与更不健康的饮食模式以及更低的健康饮食摄入有关。
