Martínez-Francés Vanessa, Hahn Emeline, Ríos Segundo, Rivera Diego, Reich Eike, Vila Roser, Cañigueral Salvador
Estación Biológica-Jardín Botánico Torretes, Instituto de la Biodiversidad, Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad, Universidad de AlicanteAlicante, Spain.
Unitat de Farmacologia, Farmacognòsia i Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain.
Front Pharmacol. 2017 Jul 25;8:467. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00467. eCollection 2017.
In Valencia Region (Spain), some wild and cultivated sages are used for medicinal purposes. Among them, subsp. (SL) is widely employed and known for production of Spanish sage oil and herbal products. Nevertheless, it shares the market with subsp. (SB) and, to a lesser extent, with their hybrid . x (SH). The knowledge on these two species is far low and confusion between them is possible. The aim of the present paper is to improve the ethnopharmacological, morphological and chemical knowledge of these sages, and to contribute to setting up quality specifications for improving identification and distinction from other species, such as, subsp. . x and var. . Samples were collected in Valencia Region and surrounding mountain areas during the ethnopharmacological field work. Twenty-nine medicinal uses were reported for SL, 13 of them being also recorded for SB. Of particular interest is a homemade liquor, used as digestive and known as "salvieta," which is mainly prepared with SB. The macro- and microscopic characters are insufficient for identification of cut, crushed or powdered material. The study of the essential oil and a HPTLC (High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography) fingerprint of their extracts could help to distinguish SB from the other sages. The essential oil from dried aerial parts of SB (content: 1.8-4.5%) was characterized by GC-FID (Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detector) and GC-MS (Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry) showing a composition close to that currently accepted for Spanish sage essential oil in the European Pharmacopoeia, ISO (International Standard Organization) and UNE (Una Norma Española) standards, with 1,8-cineole (13.7-45.7%) and camphor (12.1-28.6%) as major constituents. HPTLC methods, based on the analysis of hydroalcoholic and dichloromethane extracts, allowed to distinguish SB from other taxa currently found in Valencia region, except from its hybrid SH. This interdisciplinary study, that combines popular knowledge with botany and chemistry, allows to identify the raw herbal material from SB and to distinguish it from other species, ensuring a proper commercialization as herbal teas or for the preparation of spirits.
在西班牙巴伦西亚地区，一些野生和栽培的鼠尾草被用于药用。其中，鼠尾草亚种（SL）被广泛使用，并以生产西班牙鼠尾草油和草药产品而闻名。然而，它与鼠尾草亚种（SB）在市场上共存，在较小程度上还与它们的杂交种. x （SH）共存。关于这两个物种的知识非常有限，它们之间可能存在混淆。本文的目的是增进对这些鼠尾草的民族药理学、形态学和化学方面的了解，并为制定质量规范做出贡献，以改进对它们与其他鼠尾草物种（如亚种. x 和变种. ）的鉴别和区分。在民族药理学实地考察期间，从巴伦西亚地区及周边山区采集了样本。据报道，鼠尾草亚种（SL）有29种药用用途，其中13种也见于鼠尾草亚种（SB）。特别值得关注的是一种自制利口酒，用作助消化剂，名为“salvieta”，主要由鼠尾草亚种（SB）制成。宏观和微观特征不足以鉴别切碎、碾碎或粉末状的材料。对其提取物的精油和高效薄层色谱（HPTLC）指纹图谱的研究有助于将鼠尾草亚种（SB）与其他鼠尾草区分开来。通过气相色谱 - 火焰离子化检测器（GC - FID）和气相色谱 - 质谱联用仪（GC - MS）对鼠尾草亚种（SB）干燥地上部分的精油（含量：1.8 - 4.5%）进行表征，结果显示其成分与欧洲药典、国际标准化组织（ISO）和西班牙国家标准（UNE）中目前认可的西班牙鼠尾草精油成分相近，主要成分是1,8 - 桉叶素（13.7 - 45.7%）和樟脑（12.1 - 28.6%）。基于对水醇提取物和二氯甲烷提取物分析的HPTLC方法能够将鼠尾草亚种（SB）与目前在巴伦西亚地区发现的其他鼠尾草分类群区分开来，但不包括其杂交种SH。这项将民间知识与植物学和化学相结合的跨学科研究，能够鉴别鼠尾草亚种（SB）的生药原料，并将其与其他鼠尾草物种区分开来，确保其作为草药茶或用于制备烈酒的适当商业化。
