Shah Monaliben, Fawcett Derek, Sharma Shashi, Tripathy Suraj Kumar, Poinern Gérrard Eddy Jai
Murdoch Applied Nanotechnology Research Group, Faculty of Minerals and Energy, School of Engineering and Energy, Murdoch University, Murdoch WA 6150, Australia.
Biosecurity and Food Security Academy, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Agricultural Sciences Murdoch University, Murdoch WA 6150, Australia.
Materials (Basel). 2015 Oct 29;8(11):7278-7308. doi: 10.3390/ma8115377.
Nanotechnology is the creation, manipulation and use of materials at the nanometre size scale (1 to 100 nm). At this size scale there are significant differences in many material properties that are normally not seen in the same materials at larger scales. Although nanoscale materials can be produced using a variety of traditional physical and chemical processes, it is now possible to biologically synthesize materials via environment-friendly green chemistry based techniques. In recent years, the convergence between nanotechnology and biology has created the new field of nanobiotechnology that incorporates the use of biological entities such as actinomycetes algae, bacteria, fungi, viruses, yeasts, and plants in a number of biochemical and biophysical processes. The biological synthesis via nanobiotechnology processes have a significant potential to boost nanoparticles production without the use of harsh, toxic, and expensive chemicals commonly used in conventional physical and chemical processes. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of recent trends in synthesizing nanoparticles via biological entities and their potential applications.
纳米技术是在纳米尺寸范围（1至100纳米）内对材料进行创造、操控和应用。在此尺寸范围内，许多材料特性存在显著差异，而这些差异在较大尺度的相同材料中通常是看不到的。尽管纳米级材料可以通过多种传统物理和化学工艺来制备，但现在也能够通过基于环境友好型绿色化学的技术进行生物合成。近年来，纳米技术与生物学的融合催生了纳米生物技术这一新领域，该领域在许多生化和生物物理过程中纳入了对诸如放线菌、藻类、细菌、真菌、病毒、酵母和植物等生物实体的应用。通过纳米生物技术过程进行的生物合成具有巨大潜力，可在不使用传统物理和化学过程中常用的苛刻、有毒且昂贵的化学品的情况下提高纳米颗粒的产量。本综述的目的是概述通过生物实体合成纳米颗粒的最新趋势及其潜在应用。
