Figueiredo Mayra Araguaia Pereira, Di Santi Silvia Maria, Manrique Wilson Gómez, André Marcos Rogério, Machado Rosangela Zacarias
Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), UNESP, Jaboticabal Campus, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
Center for Malaria Studies, Superintendency for Endemic Disease Control (SUCEN), Department of Health of the State of São Paulo/ Institute of Tropical Medicine of Sao Paulo (IMTSP), USP, Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
PLoS One. 2017 Aug 10;12(8):e0182905. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182905. eCollection 2017.
In the Brazilian Amazon region, malaria caused by Plasmodium malariae is considered to be a zoonosis because of cross-transfer of the parasite between humans and Neotropical primates. To contribute information on this issue, we investigated occurrences of natural infection with Plasmodium sp. among Neotropical primates in the Maranhense Amazon (Amazon region of the state of Maranhão), in the northeastern region of Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 161 Neotropical primates of six species that were caught in an environmental reserve (Sítio Aguahy) and from captive primates (CETAS-Wildlife Screening Center, municipality of São Luís), in Maranhão. Plasmodium sp. was diagnosed based on light microscopy, PCR, qPCR and LAMP for amplification of the 18S rRNA gene. Serum samples were also assayed by means of indirect immunofluorescence for IgG antibodies against P. malariae/P. brasilianum, P. falciparum and P. berghei. Parasites were detected through light microscopy on five slides from captive primates (four Sapajus spp. and one Callithrix jacchus). In the molecular tests, 34.16% (55/161) and 29.81% (48/161) of the animals sampled were positive in the qPCR and PCR assays, respectively. In the PCR, 47/48 animals were positive for P. malariae/P. brasilianum; of these, eight were free-living primates and 39 from CETAS, São Luís. One sample showed a band in the genus-specific reaction, but not in the second PCR reaction. Anti-P. malariae/P. brasilianum IgG antibodies were detected in four serum samples from Sapajus spp. in captivity. In this study, circulation of P. malariae/P. brasilianum in Neotropical primates was confirmed, with low levels of parasitemia and low levels of antibodies. The importance of these animals as reservoirs of human malaria in the region studied is still unknown. This scenario has an impact on control and elimination of malaria in this region.
在巴西亚马逊地区，由于疟原虫在人类和新热带灵长类动物之间的交叉传播，间日疟原虫引起的疟疾被认为是一种人畜共患病。为提供有关此问题的信息，我们调查了巴西东北部马拉尼昂州亚马逊地区（马拉尼昂亚马逊地区）新热带灵长类动物中疟原虫属自然感染的情况。从在环境保护区（阿瓜希站点）捕获的6种161只新热带灵长类动物以及马拉尼昂州圣路易斯市的圈养灵长类动物（CETAS - 野生动物筛查中心）采集了血样。基于光学显微镜、PCR、qPCR和LAMP对18S rRNA基因进行扩增来诊断疟原虫属。血清样本还通过间接免疫荧光法检测针对间日疟原虫/巴西疟原虫、恶性疟原虫和伯氏疟原虫的IgG抗体。通过光学显微镜在来自圈养灵长类动物的五张载玻片上检测到了寄生虫（四只僧面猴属和一只狨猴）。在分子检测中，分别有34.16%（55/161）和29.81%（48/161）的采样动物在qPCR和PCR检测中呈阳性。在PCR检测中，47/48只动物对间日疟原虫/巴西疟原虫呈阳性；其中，八只为自由生活的灵长类动物，39只来自圣路易斯的CETAS。一个样本在属特异性反应中出现条带，但在第二次PCR反应中未出现。在圈养的僧面猴属的四个血清样本中检测到了抗间日疟原虫/巴西疟原虫IgG抗体。在本研究中，证实了间日疟原虫/巴西疟原虫在新热带灵长类动物中的传播，其寄生虫血症水平较低且抗体水平较低。这些动物作为所研究地区人类疟疾储存宿主的重要性仍然未知。这种情况对该地区疟疾的控制和消除产生影响。
