1School of Allied Health,Department of Rehabilitation,Nutrition and Sport,La Trobe University,Melbourne,VIC 3086,Australia.
2School of Psychology and Public Health,Department of Public Health,La Trobe University,Melbourne,Australia.
Public Health Nutr. 2017 Oct;20(15):2722-2734. doi: 10.1017/S1368980017001823. Epub 2017 Aug 14.
The purpose of the present systematic review was to synthesize evidence from the literature to assess efficacy of the Mediterranean dietary pattern in childhood asthma. Design/Setting A systematic search of six databases, three clinical trial registries and hand-search of peer-reviewed articles was conducted up to 29 October 2016. Inclusion criteria included exposure to a Mediterranean dietary pattern, measurement of asthma symptoms and study population of children aged <18 years. Quality assessment was conducted. Due to significant heterogeneity, meta-analysis was not feasible.
Of the 436 articles identified, after removal of duplicates and based on inclusion criteria, fifteen observational studies conducted in Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean countries were relevant. No randomized controlled trials were retrieved. Twelve studies reported an inverse association between adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern and asthma in children, two studies showed no association and one study showed an increase in asthma symptoms. In fourteen out of fifteen studies, quality assessment checks revealed good reliability and validity among study methodologies.
The current systematic review revealed a consistent inverse relationship (protective) between a Mediterranean dietary pattern and asthma in children. Future well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to provide solid evidence. Nevertheless, the existing level of evidence adds to the public health message relating to the beneficial effects of a Mediterranean-type diet in children suffering with asthma.
本系统评价的目的是综合文献中的证据，评估地中海饮食模式在儿童哮喘中的疗效。
设计/环境：系统检索了六个数据库、三个临床试验注册处，并对同行评议文章进行了手工检索，检索时间截至 2016 年 10 月 29 日。纳入标准包括接触地中海饮食模式、测量哮喘症状和研究人群为年龄<18 岁的儿童。进行了质量评估。由于存在显著的异质性，因此无法进行荟萃分析。
在 436 篇文章中，经过去重和基于纳入标准的筛选，有 15 项在地中海和非地中海国家进行的观察性研究与本研究相关。未检索到随机对照试验。有 12 项研究报告了儿童对地中海饮食模式的依从性与哮喘之间呈负相关，有 2 项研究显示无相关性，有 1 项研究显示哮喘症状增加。在 15 项研究中，有 14 项研究的质量评估检查显示研究方法具有良好的可靠性和有效性。
本系统评价显示，地中海饮食模式与儿童哮喘之间存在一致的负相关关系（保护作用）。需要进行精心设计的随机对照试验来提供确凿的证据。尽管如此，现有的证据水平增加了与患有哮喘的儿童的地中海式饮食有益影响相关的公共卫生信息。
