Musselwhite Charles B A, Shergold Ian
Centre for Transport & Society, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY UK.
Centre for Transport & Society, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY UK.
Eur J Ageing. 2012 Nov 7;10(2):89-100. doi: 10.1007/s10433-012-0252-6. eCollection 2013 Jun.
Driving cessation for many older people is associated with a poorer quality of life and can lead to health problems such as depression. This paper aims to reveal the process of giving-up driving, examining in particular triggers for giving-up driving, how information on alternative modes of transport is sought and how new transport and travel behaviour is integrated into older people's lives. It examines the challenges faced and how these are overcome and what impact the process has on self-reported quality of life, as articulated by the participants themselves. To this end, twenty-one individuals from three locations in the United Kingdom (UK) were followed over a period of 10 months, through five waves of data collection. Each participant took part in three interviews, a focus group and completed a diary of travel behaviour. Findings suggest that although a similar pattern was found between the trigger and life post-car, not all older people go through the stages of giving-up driving in the same way. Instead, a range of responses are seen, from contemplation of gradually reducing driving, through to stopping abruptly, with the route taken having consequences for the eventual outcome for any individual. Triggers for contemplating driving cessation could be varied and often involved health and social factors. Importantly, people who engaged in pre-planning reported a relatively higher quality of life beyond the car, whilst for those who were more reactive and engaged in little or no pre-planning a poorer quality of life resulted. In addition (and in conjunction with planning), other factors, such as flexibility in travel destinations, the role of family and friends, and wider support networks are also seen as important. With such evidence of the importance of pre-planning it is suggested that more could be done to support giving-up driving and encouraging contemplation at a younger age to mitigate the negative effects experienced by some.
对许多老年人来说，停止开车与生活质量下降相关，还可能导致抑郁等健康问题。本文旨在揭示放弃开车的过程，特别考察放弃开车的触发因素、人们如何寻求替代交通方式的信息，以及新的交通和出行行为如何融入老年人的生活。它考察了所面临的挑战以及如何克服这些挑战，以及该过程对参与者自我报告的生活质量有何影响。为此，在10个月的时间里，对来自英国三个地点的21个人进行了跟踪，通过五轮数据收集。每位参与者参加了三次访谈、一次焦点小组讨论，并完成了一份出行行为日记。研究结果表明，尽管在触发因素和停止开车后的生活之间发现了类似的模式，但并非所有老年人都以相同的方式经历放弃开车的阶段。相反，可以看到一系列的反应，从考虑逐渐减少开车，到突然停止，所采取的方式对任何个人的最终结果都有影响。考虑停止开车的触发因素可能多种多样，通常涉及健康和社会因素。重要的是，进行了预先规划的人在停止开车后的生活质量相对较高，而那些反应更被动、几乎没有或没有进行预先规划的人生活质量较差。此外（与规划相结合），其他因素，如出行目的地的灵活性、家人和朋友的作用以及更广泛的支持网络，也被视为很重要。鉴于有证据表明预先规划很重要，建议可以采取更多措施来支持放弃开车，并鼓励在更年轻的时候就开始考虑，以减轻一些人所经历的负面影响。
