Knäuper Bärbel, Carrière Kimberly, Chamandy Melodie, Xu Zhen, Schwarz Norbert, Rosen Natalie O
Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
Eur J Ageing. 2016 Apr 2;13(2):185-193. doi: 10.1007/s10433-016-0369-0. eCollection 2016 Jun.
A lot of information used in aging research relies on self-reports. Surveys or questionnaires are used to assess quality of life, attitudes toward aging, experiences of aging, subjective well-being, symptomatology, health behaviors, financial information, medication adherence, etc. Growing evidence suggests that older and younger respondents are differentially affected by questionnaire features and the cognitive tasks that question answering pose. This research has shown that age-related changes in cognitive and communicative functioning can lead to age-related differences in self-reports that are erroneously interpreted as real age differences in attitudes and behaviors. The current review highlights how the processes underlying respondents' self-report change as a function of respondents' age; it updates our previous reviews of this literature.
衰老研究中使用的许多信息都依赖于自我报告。调查或问卷被用于评估生活质量、对衰老的态度、衰老经历、主观幸福感、症状学、健康行为、财务信息、药物依从性等。越来越多的证据表明，问卷特征以及回答问题所带来的认知任务对老年和年轻受访者的影响存在差异。这项研究表明，认知和沟通功能方面与年龄相关的变化可能导致自我报告中出现与年龄相关的差异，而这些差异被错误地解释为态度和行为方面真正的年龄差异。本综述重点介绍了受访者自我报告背后的过程如何随受访者年龄而变化；它更新了我们之前对该文献的综述。
