Cutrona Carolyn E, Russell Daniel W
Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, USA.
Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, USA.
Curr Opin Psychol. 2017 Feb;13:126-130. doi: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.07.002. Epub 2016 Jul 18.
Adult attachment theory provides guidance for providing optimal social support in intimate relationships. According to attachment theory, facilitating autonomy (secure base support) sometimes is more important than providing nurturance (safe haven support). In addition, it is important that couples celebrate one another's triumphs and successes (another form of secure base support). A key construct that explains the development of attachment is responsiveness to the individual's needs. Support that is delivered in a responsive manner (i.e., that leads the individual to feel understood, validated, and cared for) is more likely to enhance the relationship and less likely to damage self-esteem than assistance that is not responsive. A responsive exchange is more likely if emotion dysregulation can be prevented. Attachment theory offers explanations for why people vary in their effectiveness at emotion regulation. Appropriate emotion regulation is more likely if disclosures of current difficulties can be made in a way that is not defensive or accusatory, an ability that varies as a function of attachment orientation. Attachment theory also offers guidance regarding the optimal forms of social support for specific individuals. All these insights from adult attachment theory can be integrated into interventions to help couples become more effective support providers.
成人依恋理论为在亲密关系中提供最佳社会支持提供了指导。根据依恋理论，促进自主性（安全基地支持）有时比提供养育（避风港支持）更重要。此外，伴侣相互庆祝彼此的成就和成功（安全基地支持的另一种形式）也很重要。解释依恋发展的一个关键概念是对个体需求的响应性。以响应性方式提供的支持（即让个体感到被理解、被认可和被关心）比无响应的帮助更有可能增进关系，且更不容易损害自尊。如果能预防情绪失调，就更有可能进行响应性交流。依恋理论解释了为什么人们在情绪调节能力上存在差异。如果能以非防御性或指责性的方式披露当前的困难，就更有可能进行适当的情绪调节，而这种能力会因依恋取向的不同而有所变化。依恋理论还为特定个体的最佳社会支持形式提供了指导。成人依恋理论的所有这些见解都可以整合到干预措施中，以帮助伴侣成为更有效的支持提供者。
