Krøjgaard Peter, Kingo Osman S, Jensen Toril S, Berntsen Dorthe
Center on Autobiographical Memory Research, Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 9, Bld. 1350, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
Conscious Cogn. 2017 Oct;55:91-105. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2017.08.001. Epub 2017 Aug 17.
Most parents have experienced their preschool child having spontaneous episodic memories, that is, verbally reported memories of past events that come to the child almost out of the blue. Until recently such memories had only been observed outside the lab. By means of a new paradigm we report experimentally induced spontaneous memories of a unique event experienced one week earlier in 35- and 46-month-old children (N=110). At the first visit, half of the children experienced a Teddy event and the other half experienced a Game event. At the second visit the children's spontaneous utterances were recorded while waiting. The results revealed that the children talked spontaneously about the unique event experienced previously. Age showed no systematic effect on spontaneous episodic recollection, but there was a clear effect of age on subsequent control questions requiring strategic retrieval. The results support the idea of involuntary episodic remembering being a developmentally early achievement.
大多数家长都经历过他们学龄前的孩子有自发的情景记忆，也就是说，孩子会口头讲述过去的事件，这些记忆几乎是突如其来地出现在他们脑海中的。直到最近，这种记忆还只是在实验室之外被观察到。通过一种新的范式，我们报告了在35个月和46个月大的儿童（N = 110）中实验诱导出的对一周前经历的独特事件的自发记忆。在第一次访问时，一半的孩子经历了泰迪熊事件，另一半经历了游戏事件。在第二次访问时，孩子们在等待时的自发话语被记录下来。结果显示，孩子们会自发地谈论之前经历的独特事件。年龄对自发情景回忆没有系统性影响，但年龄对随后需要策略性检索的控制问题有明显影响。这些结果支持了非自愿情景记忆是一种早期发展成就的观点。
