Mennini Maurizio, Dahdah Lamia, Artesani Maria Cristina, Fiocchi Alessandro, Martelli Alberto
Division of Allergy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Vatican City, Vatican City.
Department of Pediatrics, Salvini Hospital, Milan, Italy.
Front Pediatr. 2017 Jul 31;5:165. doi: 10.3389/fped.2017.00165. eCollection 2017.
Interest in probiotic research and its potential benefits in infant foods are relatively recent but significantly increasing. The evolution of the knowledge in the last 20 years demonstrated that alterations in the microbiome may be a consequence of events occurring during infancy or childhood, including prematurity, cesarean section, and nosocomial infections. Several pieces of evidence prove that a "healthy" intestinal microbiota facilitates the development of immune tolerance. Interventional studies suggest that probiotics could be protective against the development of many diseases. Nevertheless, many factors complicate the analysis of dysbiosis in subjects with food allergy. Comparison in-between studies are difficult, because of considerable heterogeneity in study design, sample size, age at fecal collection, methods of analysis of gut microbiome, and geographic location. Currently, there is no positive recommendation from scientific societies to use pre- or probiotics for treatment of food allergy or other allergic manifestations, while their use in prevention is being custom-cleared. However, the recommendation is still based on little evidence. Although there is valid scientific evidence , there is no sufficient information to suggest the use of specific probiotics in allergy and asthma prevention.
对益生菌研究及其在婴儿食品中的潜在益处的关注相对较新，但正在显著增加。过去20年知识的演变表明，微生物群的改变可能是婴儿期或儿童期发生的事件的结果，包括早产、剖宫产和医院感染。多项证据证明，“健康的”肠道微生物群有助于免疫耐受的发展。干预性研究表明，益生菌可能对多种疾病的发展具有保护作用。然而，许多因素使食物过敏患者的菌群失调分析变得复杂。由于研究设计、样本量、粪便采集年龄、肠道微生物群分析方法和地理位置存在相当大的异质性，不同研究之间的比较很困难。目前，科学协会没有积极推荐使用益生元或益生菌来治疗食物过敏或其他过敏表现，而它们在预防方面的使用正在通过海关审批。然而，该推荐仍然基于很少的证据。虽然有有效的科学证据，但没有足够的信息表明在过敏和哮喘预防中使用特定的益生菌。
