Theodoratou Evropi, Timofeeva Maria, Li Xue, Meng Xiangrui, Ioannidis John P A
Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, United Kingdom.
Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom.
Annu Rev Nutr. 2017 Aug 21;37:293-320. doi: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071715-051004.
It is speculated that genetic variants are associated with differential responses to nutrients (known as gene-diet interactions) and that these variations may be linked to different cancer risks. In this review, we critically evaluate the evidence across 314 meta-analyses of observational studies and randomized controlled trials of dietary risk factors and the five most common cancers (breast, lung, prostate, colorectal, and stomach). We also critically evaluate the evidence across 13 meta-analyses of observational studies of gene-diet interactions for the same cancers. Convincing evidence for association was found only for the intake of alcohol and whole grains in relation to colorectal cancer risk. Three nutrient associations had highly suggestive evidence and another 15 associations had suggestive evidence. Among the examined gene-diet interactions, only one had moderately strong evidence.
据推测，基因变异与对营养素的不同反应（即所谓的基因-饮食相互作用）有关，并且这些变异可能与不同的癌症风险相关。在本综述中，我们严格评估了314项关于饮食风险因素与五种最常见癌症（乳腺癌、肺癌、前列腺癌、结直肠癌和胃癌）的观察性研究和随机对照试验的荟萃分析证据。我们还严格评估了13项关于上述相同癌症的基因-饮食相互作用观察性研究的荟萃分析证据。仅发现酒精和全谷物摄入量与结直肠癌风险之间存在令人信服的关联证据。三种营养素关联有高度提示性证据，另外15种关联有提示性证据。在所研究的基因-饮食相互作用中，只有一种有中等强度的证据。
