Brachman Anna, Kamieniarz Anna, Michalska Justyna, Pawłowski Michał, Słomka Kajetan J, Juras Grzegorz
Department of Human Motor Behavior, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical EducationKatowicePoland.
J Hum Kinet. 2017 Aug 1;58:45-64. doi: 10.1515/hukin-2017-0088. eCollection 2017 Sep.
It has become almost routine practice to incorporate balance exercises into training programs for athletes from different sports. However, the type of training that is most efficient remains unclear, as well as the frequency, intensity and duration of the exercise that would be most beneficial have not yet been determined. The following review is based on papers that were found through computerized searches of PubMed and SportDiscus from 2000 to 2016. Articles related to balance training, testing, and injury prevention in young healthy athletes were considered. Based on a Boolean search strategy the independent researchers performed a literature review. A total of 2395 articles were evaluated, yet only 50 studies met the inclusion criteria. In most of the reviewed articles, balance training has proven to be an effective tool for the improvement of postural control. It is difficult to establish one model of training that would be appropriate for each sport discipline, including its characteristics and demands. The main aim of this review was to identify a training protocol based on most commonly used interventions that led to improvements in balance. Our choice was specifically established on the assessment of the effects of balance training on postural control and injury prevention as well as balance training methods. The analyses including papers in which training protocols demonstrated positive effects on balance performance suggest that an efficient training protocol should last for 8 weeks, with a frequency of two training sessions per week, and a single training session of 45 min. This standard was established based on 36 reviewed studies.
将平衡训练纳入不同运动项目运动员的训练计划已几乎成为常规做法。然而，最有效的训练类型仍不明确，最有益的运动频率、强度和持续时间也尚未确定。以下综述基于通过对2000年至2016年PubMed和SportDiscus进行计算机检索找到的论文。纳入了与年轻健康运动员的平衡训练、测试和 injury prevention相关的文章。独立研究人员基于布尔检索策略进行了文献综述。共评估了2395篇文章，但只有50项研究符合纳入标准。在大多数综述文章中，平衡训练已被证明是改善姿势控制的有效工具。很难建立一种适用于每个运动项目的训练模式，包括其特点和要求。本综述的主要目的是确定一种基于最常用干预措施的训练方案，该方案能改善平衡。我们的选择特别基于对平衡训练对姿势控制和 injury prevention的影响以及平衡训练方法的评估。包括训练方案对平衡表现有积极影响的论文的分析表明，一个有效的训练方案应持续8周，每周训练两次，每次训练45分钟。这个标准是基于36项综述研究建立的。
