Mendes Lucas William, Tsai Siu Mui
Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture CENA, University of São Paulo USP, Piracicaba, SP, 13.416-000, Brazil.
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2018 Jan;111(1):101-114. doi: 10.1007/s10482-017-0931-6. Epub 2017 Aug 22.
Soil microorganisms play crucial roles in ecosystem functioning, and the central goal in microbial ecology studies is to elucidate which factors shape community structure. A better understanding of the relationship between microbial diversity, functions and environmental parameters would increase our ability to set conservation priorities. Here, the bacterial and archaeal community structure in Atlantic Forest, restinga and mangrove soils was described and compared based on shotgun metagenomics. We hypothesized that each distinct site would harbor a distinct taxonomic and functional soil community, which is influenced by environmental parameters. Our data showed that the microbiome is shaped by soil properties, with pH, base saturation, boron and iron content significantly correlated to overall community structure. When data of specific phyla were correlated to specific soil properties, we demonstrated that parameters such as boron, copper, sulfur, potassium and aluminum presented significant correlation with the most number of bacterial groups. Mangrove soil was the most distinct site and presented the highest taxonomic and functional diversity in comparison with forest and restinga soils. From the total 34 microbial phyla identified, 14 were overrepresented in mangrove soils, including several archaeal groups. Mangrove soils hosted a high abundance of sequences related to replication, survival and adaptation; forest soils included high numbers of sequences related to the metabolism of nutrients and other composts; while restinga soils included abundant genes related to the metabolism of carbohydrates. Overall, our finds show that the microbial community structure and functional potential were clearly different across the environmental gradient, followed by functional adaptation and both were related to the soil properties.
土壤微生物在生态系统功能中发挥着关键作用，微生物生态学研究的核心目标是阐明哪些因素塑造了群落结构。更好地理解微生物多样性、功能与环境参数之间的关系，将提高我们设定保护优先级的能力。在此，基于鸟枪法宏基因组学对大西洋森林、滨海沙质地和红树林土壤中的细菌和古菌群落结构进行了描述和比较。我们假设每个不同的地点都有独特的分类学和功能土壤群落，且受环境参数影响。我们的数据表明，微生物群落受土壤性质影响，pH值、碱基饱和度、硼和铁含量与整体群落结构显著相关。当将特定门类的数据与特定土壤性质相关联时，我们发现硼、铜、硫、钾和铝等参数与大多数细菌类群呈现出显著相关性。与森林和滨海沙质地土壤相比，红树林土壤是最独特的地点，具有最高的分类学和功能多样性。在鉴定出的总共34个微生物门类中，有14个在红树林土壤中占比过高，包括几个古菌类群。红树林土壤中含有大量与复制、生存和适应相关的序列；森林土壤中有大量与养分和其他堆肥代谢相关的序列；而滨海沙质地土壤中含有丰富的与碳水化合物代谢相关的基因。总体而言，我们的研究结果表明，微生物群落结构和功能潜力在整个环境梯度上明显不同，随后是功能适应，且两者均与土壤性质相关。
