Stone Jonathan, Mitrofanis John, Johnstone Daniel M, Falsini Benedetto, Bisti Silvia, Adam Paul, Nuevo Arturo Bravo, George-Weinstein Mindy, Mason Rebecca, Eells Janis
Discipline of Physiology, Bosch Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, Bosch Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Dose Response. 2018 Dec 27;16(4):1559325818803428. doi: 10.1177/1559325818803428. eCollection 2018 Oct-Dec.
This review brings together observations on the stress-induced regulation of resilience mechanisms in body tissues. It is argued that the stresses that induce tissue resilience in mammals arise from everyday sources: sunlight, food, lack of food, hypoxia and physical stresses. At low levels, these stresses induce an organised protective response in probably all tissues; and, at some higher level, cause tissue destruction. This pattern of response to stress is well known to toxicologists, who have termed it hormesis. The phenotypes of resilience are diverse and reports of stress-induced resilience are to be found in journals of neuroscience, sports medicine, cancer, healthy ageing, dementia, parkinsonism, ophthalmology and more. This diversity makes the proposing of a general concept of induced resilience a significant task, which this review attempts. We suggest that a system of stress-induced tissue resilience has evolved to enhance the survival of animals. By analogy with acquired immunity, we term this system 'acquired resilience'. Evidence is reviewed that acquired resilience, like acquired immunity, fades with age. This fading is, we suggest, a major component of ageing. Understanding of acquired resilience may, we argue, open pathways for the maintenance of good health in the later decades of human life.
本综述汇集了关于应激诱导机体组织恢复力机制调节的观察结果。有人认为，在哺乳动物中诱导组织恢复力的应激源来自日常因素：阳光、食物、食物短缺、缺氧和身体应激。在低水平时，这些应激可能在所有组织中诱导一种有组织的保护反应；而在某些较高水平时，则会导致组织破坏。毒理学家熟知这种对应激的反应模式，他们将其称为毒物兴奋效应。恢复力的表型多种多样，应激诱导恢复力的报道可见于神经科学、运动医学、癌症、健康老龄化、痴呆症、帕金森病、眼科学等领域的期刊。这种多样性使得提出一个关于诱导恢复力的一般概念成为一项艰巨任务，而本综述试图完成这一任务。我们认为，应激诱导的组织恢复力系统已经进化以提高动物的生存能力。类比获得性免疫，我们将这个系统称为“获得性恢复力”。本文回顾了相关证据，即获得性恢复力与获得性免疫一样，会随着年龄增长而衰退。我们认为，这种衰退是衰老的一个主要因素。我们认为，了解获得性恢复力可能为人类生命后期几十年保持健康开辟途径。
