School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.
BirdLife International, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, UK.
Sci Rep. 2017 Aug 29;7(1):9569. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-08758-5.
Large marine protected areas (>30,000 km) have a high profile in marine conservation, yet their contribution to conservation is contested. Assessing the overlap of large marine protected areas with 14,172 species, we found large marine protected areas cover 4.4% of the ocean and at least some portion of the range of 83.3% of the species assessed. Of all species within large marine protected areas, 26.9% had at least 10% of their range represented, and this was projected to increase to 40.1% in 2100. Cumulative impacts were significantly higher within large marine protected areas than outside, refuting the critique that they only occur in pristine areas. We recommend future large marine protected areas be sited based on systematic conservation planning practices where possible and include areas beyond national jurisdiction, and provide five key recommendations to improve the long-term representation of all species to meet critical global policy goals (e.g., Convention on Biological Diversity's Aichi Targets).
大型海洋保护区（>30,000 平方公里）在海洋保护方面备受关注，但它们对保护的贡献仍存在争议。在评估了 14,172 个物种与大型海洋保护区的重叠情况后，我们发现大型海洋保护区覆盖了海洋的 4.4%，并且至少涵盖了评估的 83.3%物种的部分分布范围。在大型海洋保护区内的所有物种中，有 26.9%的物种的至少 10%的分布范围得到了代表，而到 2100 年，这一比例预计将增加到 40.1%。与保护区外相比，保护区内的累积影响显著更高，这反驳了关于它们仅发生在原始区域的批评。我们建议未来的大型海洋保护区尽可能基于系统保护规划实践选址，并包括国家管辖范围以外的区域，并提供五项关键建议，以提高所有物种的长期代表性，以实现关键的全球政策目标（例如，《生物多样性公约》的爱知目标）。
