Hennessy Emily A, Glaude Maurya W, Finch Andrew J
Vanderbilt University, Peabody College.
University of Houston, Graduate College of Social Work.
Addict Res Theory. 2017;25(3):208-215. doi: 10.1080/16066359.2016.1242723. Epub 2016 Nov 7.
Adolescent substance use disorders often involve a recurring cycle of treatment and relapse. The academic and practical definition of for adults has been debated; yet, elements determining a successful adolescent recovery aside from abstinence have not been delineated. Thus, we sought to explore how practitioners and administrators define "success" in recovery and how they foster youth progress towards success.
Using a qualitative design, we purposively selected and visited treatment and recovery services sites and interviewed practitioners and administrators (N = 13). Sites included recovery high schools (N = 2), alternative peer groups (N = 4), and one treatment center. Two authors analyzed the data using the constant comparative method.
Success emerged from the interviews in three primary themes (1) factors demonstrating success, (2) progress that highlights success, and (3) factors enabling success and two sub-themes (1) use of metaphors and (2) use of specific examples. A variety of factors and processes were discussed as indicators of success. Multiple practitioners stated that sobriety and length of abstinence were not the best success measures; yet, sobriety and education were mentioned most often.
A key finding of this study, which has not been addressed in existing qualitative studies of youth recovery, is that the understanding of recovery was so diverse and multi-dimensional and provided a view of success beyond sobriety, highlighting the various facets from which practitioners must operate and address recovery. This demonstrates the need for researchers to carefully conceptualize how they operationalize adolescent recovery.
青少年物质使用障碍通常涉及治疗与复发的反复循环。针对成年人的学术及实际定义一直存在争议；然而，除禁欲外，决定青少年成功康复的因素尚未明确。因此，我们试图探讨从业者和管理人员如何定义康复中的“成功”，以及他们如何促进青少年迈向成功。
采用定性设计，我们有目的地选择并走访了治疗与康复服务场所，采访了从业者和管理人员（N = 13）。场所包括康复高中（N = 2）、替代性同伴群体（N = 4）和一个治疗中心。两位作者使用持续比较法分析数据。
访谈中出现了成功的三个主要主题（1）表明成功的因素，（2）突出成功的进展，以及（3）促成成功的因素和两个子主题（1）隐喻的运用和（2）具体例子的运用。各种因素和过程被讨论为成功的指标。多位从业者表示，清醒和禁欲时长并非最佳的成功衡量标准；然而，清醒和教育被提及的频率最高。
本研究的一个关键发现是，对康复的理解是如此多样和多维度，提供了一种超越清醒的成功观，突出了从业者在开展和处理康复工作时必须考虑的各个方面。这表明研究人员需要仔细构思他们如何对青少年康复进行操作化定义。这一发现尚未在现有的青少年康复定性研究中得到探讨。
