Laudet Alexandre B
Center for Study of Addictions and Recovery, National Development and Research Institutes, Inc., New York City, NY 10003, USA.
J Subst Abuse Treat. 2007 Oct;33(3):243-56. doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2007.04.014.
Recovery is a ubiquitous concept but remains poorly understood and ill defined, hindering the development of assessment tools necessary to evaluate treatment effectiveness. This study examines recovery definitions and experiences among persons who self-identify as "in recovery." Two questions are addressed: (a) Does recovery require total abstinence from all drugs and alcohol? (b) Is recovery defined solely in terms of substance use or does it extend to other areas of functioning as well? Inner-city residents with resolved dependence to crack or heroin were interviewed yearly three times (N = 289). Most defined recovery as total abstinence. However, recovery goes well beyond abstinence; it is experienced as a bountiful "new life," an ongoing process of growth, self-change, and reclaiming the self. Implications for clinical and assessment practice are discussed, including the need to effect paradigmatic shifts from pathology to wellness and from acute to continuing models.
康复是一个普遍存在的概念，但人们对其理解仍然不足且定义不明确，这阻碍了评估治疗效果所需的评估工具的发展。本研究考察了自我认定为“处于康复中”的人群对康复的定义及经历。研究探讨了两个问题：（a）康复是否要求完全戒除所有毒品和酒精？（b）康复仅仅根据物质使用来定义，还是也扩展到其他功能领域？对已戒除对快克可卡因或海洛因依赖的市中心居民每年进行三次访谈（N = 289）。大多数人将康复定义为完全戒除。然而，康复远不止于戒除；它被体验为丰富的“新生活”，是一个持续的成长、自我改变和重新找回自我的过程。文中讨论了对临床和评估实践的启示，包括需要实现从病理学模式向健康模式、从急性模式向持续模式的范式转变。
