Azaïs-Braesco Véronique, Sluik Diewertje, Maillot Matthieu, Kok Frans, Moreno Luis A
VAB-Nutrition, 1, rue Claude Danziger, 63100, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Nutr J. 2017 Jan 21;16(1):6. doi: 10.1186/s12937-016-0225-2.
Public health policies, including in Europe, are considering measures and recommendations to limit the intake of added or free sugars. For such policies to be efficient and monitored, a precise knowledge of the current situation regarding sugar intake in Europe is needed. This review summarizes published or re-analyzed data from 11 representative surveys in Belgium, France, Denmark, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Norway, The Netherlands, Spain and the UK. Relative intakes were higher in children than in adults: total sugars ranged between 15 and 21% of energy intake in adults and between 16 and 26% in children. Added sugars (or non-milk extrinsic sugars (NMES), in the UK) contributed 7 to 11% of total energy intake in adults and represented a higher proportion of children's energy intake (11 to 17%). Educational level did not significantly affect intakes of total or added sugars in France and the Netherlands. Sweet products (e.g. confectionery, chocolates, cakes and biscuits, sugar, and jam) were major contributors to total sugars intake in all countries, genders and age groups, followed by fruits, beverages and dairy products. Fruits contributed more and beverages contributed less to adults' total sugars intakes than to children's. Added sugars were provided mostly by sweet products (36 to 61% in adults and 40 to 50% in children), followed by beverages (12 to 31% in adults and 20 to 34% in children, fruit juices excluded), then by dairy products (4 to 15% in adults and 6 to 18% in children). Caution is needed, however, as survey methodologies differ on important items such as dietary data collection, food composition tables or estimation of added sugars. Cross-country comparisons are thus not meaningful and overall information might thus not be robust enough to provide a solid basis for implementation of policy measures. Data nevertheless confirm that intakes of total and added sugars are high in the European countries considered, especially in children, and point to sweet products and beverages as the major contributors to added sugar intakes.
包括欧洲在内的公共卫生政策正在考虑采取措施和提出建议，以限制添加糖或游离糖的摄入量。为使这些政策有效并得到监督，需要精确了解欧洲目前的糖摄入量情况。本综述总结了比利时、法国、丹麦、匈牙利、爱尔兰、意大利、挪威、荷兰、西班牙和英国11项代表性调查已发表或重新分析的数据。儿童的相对摄入量高于成年人：成年人总糖摄入量占能量摄入的15%至21%，儿童为16%至26%。添加糖（在英国为非乳外源性糖（NMES））占成年人总能量摄入的7%至11%，在儿童能量摄入中占比更高（11%至17%）。在法国和荷兰，教育水平对总糖或添加糖的摄入量没有显著影响。甜食（如糖果、巧克力、蛋糕和饼干、糖和果酱）是所有国家、性别和年龄组总糖摄入量的主要贡献者，其次是水果、饮料和乳制品。水果对成年人总糖摄入量的贡献大于对儿童的贡献，而饮料的贡献则小于对儿童的贡献。添加糖主要来自甜食（成年人中占36%至61%，儿童中占40%至50%），其次是饮料（成年人中占12%至31%，儿童中占20%至34%，不包括果汁），然后是乳制品（成年人中占4%至15%，儿童中占6%至18%）。然而，需要谨慎，因为在饮食数据收集、食物成分表或添加糖估计等重要项目上，调查方法存在差异。因此，跨国比较没有意义，总体信息可能也不够可靠，无法为实施政策措施提供坚实基础。尽管如此，数据证实，在所考虑的欧洲国家中，总糖和添加糖的摄入量很高，尤其是在儿童中，并且指出甜食和饮料是添加糖摄入量的主要贡献者。
