Smith A C W, Kenny P J
The Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Genes Brain Behav. 2018 Mar;17(3):e12424. doi: 10.1111/gbb.12424. Epub 2017 Oct 10.
Chronic use of drugs of abuse results in neurochemical, morphological and behavioral plasticity that underlies the emergence of compulsive drug seeking and vulnerability to relapse during periods of attempted abstinence. Identifying and reversing addiction-relevant plasticity is seen as a potential point of pharmacotherapeutic intervention in drug-addicted individuals. Despite considerable advances in our understanding of the actions of drugs of abuse in the brain, this information has thus far yielded few novel treatment options addicted individuals. MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that can each regulate the translation of hundreds to thousands of messenger RNAs. The highly pleiotropic nature of miRNAs has focused attention on their contribution to addiction-relevant structural and functional plasticity in the brain and their potential utility as targets for medications development. In this review, we discuss the roles of miRNAs in synaptic plasticity underlying the development of addiction and then briefly discuss the possibility of using circulating miRNA as biomarkers for addiction.
长期滥用药物会导致神经化学、形态学和行为可塑性，这是强迫性觅药行为出现以及在尝试戒断期间易复发的基础。识别并逆转与成瘾相关的可塑性被视为对药物成瘾个体进行药物治疗干预的一个潜在切入点。尽管我们对滥用药物在大脑中的作用有了相当大的进展，但到目前为止，这些信息几乎没有为成瘾个体带来新的治疗选择。微小RNA是小的非编码RNA，每个都可以调节数百到数千种信使RNA的翻译。微小RNA的高度多效性使其对大脑中与成瘾相关的结构和功能可塑性的贡献以及作为药物开发靶点的潜在效用受到关注。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了微小RNA在成瘾发展基础的突触可塑性中的作用，然后简要讨论了将循环微小RNA用作成瘾生物标志物的可能性。
