Schmidt Sandy, Castiglione Kathrin, Kourist Robert
Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria.
Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748, Garching, Germany.
Chemistry. 2018 Feb 6;24(8):1755-1768. doi: 10.1002/chem.201703353. Epub 2017 Nov 16.
Multi-catalytic cascade reactions bear a great potential to minimize downstream and purification steps, leading to a drastic reduction of the produced waste. In many examples, the compatibility of chemo- and biocatalytic steps could be easily achieved. Problems associated with the incompatibility of the catalysts and their reactions, however, are very frequent. Cascade-like reactions can hardly occur in this way. One possible solution to combine, in principle, incompatible chemo- and biocatalytic reactions is the defined control of the microenvironment by compartmentalization or scaffolding. Current methods for the control of the microenvironment of biocatalysts go far beyond classical enzyme immobilization and are thus believed to be very promising tools to overcome incompatibility issues and to facilitate the synthetic application of cascade reactions. In this Minireview, we will summarize recent synthetic examples of (chemo)enzymatic cascade reactions and outline promising methods for their spatial control either by using bio-derived or synthetic systems.
多催化级联反应在最大限度减少下游和纯化步骤方面具有巨大潜力，从而大幅减少产生的废物。在许多实例中，化学催化步骤和生物催化步骤的兼容性很容易实现。然而，与催化剂及其反应的不兼容性相关的问题却非常常见。以这种方式几乎不可能发生级联式反应。原则上，将不相容的化学催化反应和生物催化反应结合起来的一种可能解决方案是通过分隔或支架对微环境进行精确控制。目前控制生物催化剂微环境的方法远远超出了传统的酶固定化方法，因此被认为是克服不兼容性问题和促进级联反应合成应用的非常有前景的工具。在本综述中，我们将总结（化学）酶促级联反应的近期合成实例，并概述通过使用生物衍生或合成系统对其进行空间控制的有前景的方法。
