Klein E S, Barbier M R, Watson J R
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
Farallon Institute, Petaluma, CA, USA.
R Soc Open Sci. 2017 Aug 2;4(8):170740. doi: 10.1098/rsos.170740. eCollection 2017 Aug.
Understanding how and when cooperative human behaviour forms in common-pool resource systems is critical to illuminating social-ecological systems and designing governance institutions that promote sustainable resource use. Before assessing the full complexity of social dynamics, it is essential to understand, concretely and mechanistically, how resource dynamics and human actions interact to create incentives and pay-offs for social behaviours. Here, we investigated how such incentives for information sharing are affected by spatial dynamics and management in a common-pool resource system. Using interviews with fishermen to inform an agent-based model, we reveal generic mechanisms through which, for a given ecological setting characterized by the spatial dynamics of the resource, the two 'human factors' of information sharing and management may heterogeneously impact various members of a group for whom theory would otherwise predict the same strategy. When users can deplete the resource, these interactions are further affected by the management approach. Finally, we discuss the implications of alternative motivations, such as equity among fishermen and consistency of the fleet's output. Our results indicate that resource spatial dynamics, form of management and level of depletion can interact to alter the sociality of people in common-pool resource systems, providing necessary insight for future study of strategic decision processes.
了解合作性人类行为如何以及何时在公共资源系统中形成，对于阐明社会生态系统以及设计促进资源可持续利用的治理机构至关重要。在评估社会动态的全部复杂性之前，具体而深入地理解资源动态与人类行为如何相互作用，从而为社会行为创造激励和回报，这是至关重要的。在此，我们研究了公共资源系统中的空间动态和管理如何影响信息共享的此类激励措施。通过对渔民的访谈来为基于主体的模型提供信息，我们揭示了一些通用机制，在以资源空间动态为特征的特定生态环境中，信息共享和管理这两个“人为因素”可能会以不同方式影响一个群体中的各个成员，而理论上原本预测他们会采取相同策略。当使用者能够耗尽资源时，这些相互作用会进一步受到管理方式的影响。最后，我们讨论了诸如渔民之间的公平性以及船队产量的一致性等其他动机的影响。我们的结果表明，资源空间动态、管理形式和耗尽程度可能相互作用，从而改变公共资源系统中人们的社会性，为未来战略决策过程的研究提供了必要的见解。
