Lindkvist Emilie, Pellowe Kara E, Alexander Steven M, Drury O'Neill Elizabeth, Finkbeiner Elena M, Girón-Nava Alfredo, González-Mon Blanca, Johnson Andrew F, Pittman Jeremy, Schill Caroline, Wijermans Nanda, Bodin Örjan, Gelcich Stefan, Glaser Marion
Stockholm Resilience Centre Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden.
School of Marine Sciences University of Maine Walpole Maine USA.
Fish Fish (Oxf). 2022 Sep;23(5):1202-1220. doi: 10.1111/faf.12678. Epub 2022 Jun 8.
Meeting the objectives of sustainable fisheries management requires attention to the complex interactions between humans, institutions and ecosystems that give rise to fishery outcomes. Traditional approaches to studying fisheries often do not fully capture, nor focus on these complex interactions between people and ecosystems. Despite advances in the scope and scale of interactions encompassed by more holistic methods, for example ecosystem-based fisheries management approaches, no single method can adequately capture the complexity of human-nature interactions. Approaches that combine quantitative and qualitative analytical approaches are necessary to generate a deeper understanding of these interactions and illuminate pathways to address fisheries sustainability challenges. However, combining methods is inherently challenging and requires understanding multiple methods from different, often disciplinarily distinct origins, demanding reflexivity of the researchers involved. Social-ecological systems' research has a history of utilising combinations of methods across the social and ecological realms to account for spatial and temporal dynamics, uncertainty and feedbacks that are key components of fisheries. We describe several categories of analytical methods (statistical modelling, network analysis, dynamic modelling, qualitative analysis and controlled behavioural experiments) and highlight their applications in fisheries research, strengths and limitations, data needs and overall objectives. We then discuss important considerations of a methods portfolio development process, including reflexivity, epistemological and ontological concerns and illustrate these considerations via three case studies. We show that, by expanding their methods portfolios, researchers will be better equipped to study the complex interactions shaping fisheries and contribute to solutions for sustainable fisheries management.
实现可持续渔业管理目标需要关注人类、机构和生态系统之间复杂的相互作用，正是这些相互作用产生了渔业成果。传统的渔业研究方法往往无法充分捕捉，也未聚焦于人类与生态系统之间的这些复杂相互作用。尽管诸如基于生态系统的渔业管理方法等更全面的方法在涵盖的相互作用范围和规模上取得了进展，但没有一种单一方法能够充分捕捉人与自然相互作用的复杂性。结合定量和定性分析方法的途径对于更深入理解这些相互作用并阐明应对渔业可持续性挑战的途径是必要的。然而，结合方法本身具有挑战性，需要理解来自不同、通常学科差异明显的多种方法，这要求相关研究人员具备反思能力。社会 - 生态系统研究一直有跨社会和生态领域运用多种方法组合来解释空间和时间动态、不确定性以及反馈的历史，而这些是渔业的关键组成部分。我们描述了几类分析方法（统计建模、网络分析、动态建模、定性分析和受控行为实验），并强调了它们在渔业研究中的应用、优势和局限性、数据需求以及总体目标。然后我们讨论了方法组合开发过程中的重要考虑因素，包括反思性、认识论和本体论问题，并通过三个案例研究来说明这些考虑因素。我们表明，通过扩展其方法组合，研究人员将更有能力研究塑造渔业的复杂相互作用，并为可持续渔业管理的解决方案做出贡献。
