Hedrick R P, Gilad O, Yun S, Spangenberg J V, Marty G D, Nordhausen R W, Kebus M J, Bercovier H, Eldar A
a Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine , University of California , Davis , California , 95616 , USA.
b Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine , University of California , Davis , California , 95616 , USA.
J Aquat Anim Health. 2000 Mar;12(1):44-57. doi: 10.1577/1548-8667(2000)012<0044:AHAWMM>2.0.CO;2.
A herpesvirus was isolated from adult koi, a strain of common carp Cyprinus carpio, suffering mass mortality in two outbreaks-one in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States and the second in Israel. The principal external signs of dying fish were pale and irregularly colored gills. There were few consistent internal signs in either outbreak. The most prominent microscopic lesions were in the gills, where hyperplasia and necrosis of the epithelium were severe. Other lesions included interstitial nephritis, splenitis, and enteritis. Affected cells often contained nuclei with marginated chromatin and faint intranuclear inclusions. Typical herpesvirus particles were present in branchial epithelial cells, hepatocytes, and among circulating leukocytes. Inoculations of the koi fin (KF-1) cell line with tissue extracts from the gill and kidney-spleen resulted in cytopathic effects characterized by severe vacuolation first detected after 7 d incubation at 20°C. Exposures of adult koi to the herpesvirus as propagated in KF-1 cells by bath or intraperitoneal injections resulted in 80-100% mortality during a 26-d period, and the virus was reisolated from the gill, kidney, liver, spleen, intestine, and brain of dead fish. The viral agents from koi in Israel and the United States appear to be similar if not identical; both could be distinguished from Herpesvirus cyprini by indirect fluorescent antibody tests with rabbit anti-H. cyprini serum. Other factors should be examined but we strongly suspect that this newly recognized koi herpesvirus (KHV) has the potential to be a significant cause of mortality among koi and presumably common carp.
从成年锦鲤（一种鲤科鲤属的鲤鱼）中分离出一种疱疹病毒，这些锦鲤在美国中大西洋地区和以色列的两次疫情爆发中出现大量死亡。濒死鱼的主要外部症状是鳃苍白且颜色不规则。在这两次疫情爆发中，内部症状几乎没有一致性。最显著的微观病变出现在鳃部，上皮细胞增生和坏死严重。其他病变包括间质性肾炎、脾炎和肠炎。受影响的细胞通常含有核染色质边缘化且有微弱核内包涵体的细胞核。典型的疱疹病毒颗粒存在于鳃上皮细胞、肝细胞和循环白细胞中。用鳃和肾脾组织提取物接种锦鲤鳍（KF - 1）细胞系，在20°C孵育7天后首次检测到以严重空泡化为特征的细胞病变效应。通过浸浴或腹腔注射将在KF - 1细胞中繁殖的疱疹病毒暴露于成年锦鲤，在26天内导致80 - 100%的死亡率，并且从死鱼的鳃、肾、肝、脾、肠和脑中重新分离出病毒。来自以色列和美国锦鲤的病毒因子似乎相似甚至相同；通过用兔抗鲤疱疹病毒血清进行间接荧光抗体试验，两者都可与鲤疱疹病毒区分开来。其他因素应予以研究，但我们强烈怀疑这种新发现的锦鲤疱疹病毒（KHV）有可能成为锦鲤以及可能的鲤鱼大量死亡的一个重要原因。
