Nutrition Epidemiology Research Group, Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
Eur J Nutr. 2018 Oct;57(7):2595-2606. doi: 10.1007/s00394-017-1530-z. Epub 2017 Sep 7.
Enterolactone (ENL) is formed in the human gut after consumption of lignans, has estrogenic properties, and has been associated with risk of prostate cancer. We examined the association between plasma ENL levels and prostate cancer in a nested case-control study within the population-based Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort. We also examined the association between plasma ENL and dietary and lifestyle factors.
The study population consisted of 1010 cases occurring during a mean follow-up of 14.6 years, and 1817 controls matched on age and study entry date. We used national registers (95%) and hospital records (5%) to ascertain cases. Diet was estimated by a modified diet history method. Plasma ENL concentrations were determined by a time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay. Odds ratios were calculated by unconditional logistic regression.
There were no significant associations between plasma ENL and incidence of all prostate cancer (odds ratio 0.99 [95% confidence interval 0.77-1.280] for the highest ENL quintile versus lowest, p for trend 0.66). However, in certain subgroups of men, including men with abdominal obesity (p for interaction = 0.012), we observed associations between high ENL levels and lower odds of high-risk prostate cancer. Plasma ENL was positively associated with consumption of high-fibre bread, fruit, tea, and coffee; with age, and with height, while it was negatively associated with smoking and waist circumference; however, although significant, all associations were rather weak (r ≤ |0.14|).
ENL concentration was not consistently associated with lower prostate cancer risk, although it was weakly associated with a healthy lifestyle.
肠内酯（ENL）是在人体肠道中消耗木脂素后形成的，具有雌激素特性，并与前列腺癌的风险相关。我们在基于人群的马尔默饮食与癌症队列中进行的一项巢式病例对照研究中，研究了血浆 ENL 水平与前列腺癌之间的关系。我们还研究了血浆 ENL 与饮食和生活方式因素之间的关系。
研究人群包括在平均 14.6 年的随访期间发生的 1010 例病例和 1817 例按年龄和研究入组日期匹配的对照。我们使用国家登记（95%）和医院记录（5%）确定病例。饮食通过改良饮食史法进行评估。血浆 ENL 浓度通过时间分辨荧光免疫分析法测定。通过无条件逻辑回归计算比值比。
在所有前列腺癌的发生中，血浆 ENL 与发病率之间没有显著关联（最高 ENL 五分位数与最低五分位数相比，比值比为 0.99 [95%置信区间 0.77-1.280]，趋势检验 p 值为 0.66）。然而，在某些男性亚组中，包括腹部肥胖的男性（交互作用检验 p 值为 0.012），我们观察到高水平的 ENL 与低风险的前列腺癌的低几率之间存在关联。血浆 ENL 与高纤维面包、水果、茶和咖啡的消耗呈正相关；与年龄、身高呈正相关，与吸烟和腰围呈负相关；然而，尽管具有统计学意义，但所有关联都相当微弱（r ≤ |0.14|）。
尽管与健康的生活方式有微弱的关联，但 ENL 浓度与前列腺癌风险降低并不一致。
