Žiaran Stanislav, Galambošová Martina, Danišovič L'uboš
1 Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava 833 05, Slovak Republic.
2 Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava 811 08, Slovak Republic.
Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2017 Dec;242(18):1772-1785. doi: 10.1177/1535370217731289. Epub 2017 Sep 11.
The purpose of this article was to perform a systematic review of the recent literature on urethral tissue engineering. A total of 31 articles describing the use of tissue engineering for urethra reconstruction were included. The obtained results were discussed in three groups: cells, scaffolds, and clinical results of urethral reconstructions using these components. Stem cells of different origin were used in many experimental studies, but only autologous urothelial cells, fibroblasts, and keratinocytes were applied in clinical trials. Natural and synthetic scaffolds were studied in the context of urethral tissue engineering. The main advantage of synthetic ones is the fact that they can be obtained in unlimited amount and modified by different techniques, but scaffolds of natural origin normally contain chemical groups and bioactive proteins which increase the cell attachment and may promote the cell proliferation and differentiation. The most promising are smart scaffolds delivering different bioactive molecules or those that can be tubularized. In two clinical trials, only onlay-fashioned transplants were used for urethral reconstruction. However, the very promising results were obtained from animal studies where tubularized scaffolds, both non-seeded and cell-seeded, were applied. Impact statement The main goal of this article was to perform a systematic review of the recent literature on urethral tissue engineering. It summarizes the most recent information about cells, seeded or non-seeded scaffolds and clinical application with respect to regeneration of urethra.
本文的目的是对近期关于尿道组织工程的文献进行系统综述。共纳入31篇描述组织工程用于尿道重建的文章。所得结果分为三组进行讨论：细胞、支架以及使用这些组件进行尿道重建的临床结果。许多实验研究使用了不同来源的干细胞，但临床试验中仅应用了自体尿路上皮细胞、成纤维细胞和角质形成细胞。在尿道组织工程的背景下对天然和合成支架进行了研究。合成支架的主要优点是可以大量获取并通过不同技术进行改性，但天然来源的支架通常含有化学基团和生物活性蛋白，可增加细胞附着，并可能促进细胞增殖和分化。最有前景的是能够递送不同生物活性分子或可制成管状的智能支架。在两项临床试验中，仅采用覆盖式移植进行尿道重建。然而，在应用了非接种和接种细胞的管状支架的动物研究中取得了非常有前景的结果。影响声明 本文的主要目标是对近期关于尿道组织工程的文献进行系统综述。它总结了关于细胞、接种或未接种的支架以及尿道再生临床应用的最新信息。
