Wijesundere Dilkushi Anula, Ramasamy Ranjan
Asiri Hospital, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
ID-FISH Technology, Palo Alto, CA, United States.
Front Public Health. 2017 Aug 28;5:212. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00212. eCollection 2017.
Sri Lanka is a tropical island located South of India in the Indian Ocean. Malaria has been prevalent in the island for centuries but the country succeeded in eliminating the disease in 2013. Factors governing the past endemicity of malaria and its successful elimination from Sri Lanka in 2013 are analyzed. There is evidence that malaria might have been first introduced in the thirteenth century into a dry zone area with extensive irrigation works. Regular widespread epidemics of the disease have been documented in the twentieth century. The island nature of Sri Lanka, generally low transmission rates, widespread and accessible government hospitals and clinics that provide free and readily available diagnosis and treatment for malaria, adequate financial support and commitment to the Antimalaria Campaign (AMC), national and decentralized malaria control efforts sustained over a long period by dedicated and competent AMC staff, and the absence of zoonotic malaria are recognized as key factors responsible for eliminating malaria from Sri Lanka. These factors are analyzed in the context of their relevance to the present malaria elimination efforts in other countries with the overall aim of globally eradicating the disease.
斯里兰卡是位于印度洋、印度以南的一个热带岛屿。疟疾在该岛流行了几个世纪，但该国于2013年成功消除了这种疾病。本文分析了过去影响疟疾流行的因素以及2013年斯里兰卡成功消除疟疾的原因。有证据表明，疟疾可能在13世纪首次传入一个有广泛灌溉工程的干旱地区。20世纪有该疾病定期广泛流行的记录。斯里兰卡的岛屿性质、总体较低的传播率、广泛且可及的政府医院和诊所（这些机构为疟疾提供免费且易于获得的诊断和治疗）、对抗疟疾运动（AMC）的充足资金支持和投入、长期以来由敬业且有能力的AMC工作人员持续开展的国家和地方疟疾控制工作，以及不存在动物源性疟疾，这些都被视为斯里兰卡消除疟疾的关键因素。本文结合这些因素与其他国家当前疟疾消除工作的相关性进行分析，总体目标是在全球根除该疾病。
