Godfroid Jacques
Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Research Group of Arctic Infection Biology, University of Tromsø - the Arctic University of Norway, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Langnes, Postbox 6050, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
Arch Public Health. 2017 Sep 11;75:34. doi: 10.1186/s13690-017-0207-7. eCollection 2017.
Human brucellosis remains the commonest zoonotic disease worldwide with more than 500 000 new cases annually. Understanding the biology of infections and the transmission patterns at the wildlife/livestock/human interface is of paramount importance before implementing any brucellosis control or eradication program in animals, even more so should interventions be justified within One Health. In addition to calling for transdisciplinary collaboration, One Health formally aims to conserve the environment and to promote the well-being of animals. In this opinion paper, the One Health approach of brucellosis is reviewed in the industrialized and the low and middle income countries, highlighting pitfalls and shortcomings of serological studies and discussing the role of urban and peri-urban farming for the re-emergence of brucellosis in the developing world. The role of wildlife as a potential reservoir is highlighted and different management strategies are discussed. Lastly, beyond its role in the control of brucellosis, the ethical dimension of culling wildlife to control disease emergence or spill-back of infections in livestock is discussed. Core transdisciplinary competencies such as values and ethics are critically important in guiding the development of One Health curricula and in continuing professional education, as they describe the knowledge, skills, and attitudes required to be effective. A conceptual framework needs to be developed from inception to knowledge translation. Importantly, transdisciplinary competencies should be developed as an adjunct to discipline-specific areas of expertise, not as a replacement. A profound understanding of the biology of infectious agents is and will always remain a pre-requisite for any sound One Health approach.
人类布鲁氏菌病仍然是全球最常见的人畜共患病，每年新增病例超过50万例。在实施任何动物布鲁氏菌病控制或根除计划之前，了解感染生物学以及野生动物/家畜/人类界面的传播模式至关重要，在“同一健康”理念下进行干预时更是如此。“同一健康”除了呼吁跨学科合作外，其正式目标还包括保护环境和促进动物福祉。在这篇观点论文中，我们回顾了工业化国家以及低收入和中等收入国家针对布鲁氏菌病的“同一健康”方法，强调了血清学研究的缺陷和不足，并讨论了城市和城郊养殖在发展中国家布鲁氏菌病再次出现中的作用。突出了野生动物作为潜在宿主的作用，并讨论了不同的管理策略。最后，除了其在控制布鲁氏菌病方面的作用外，还讨论了捕杀野生动物以控制疾病出现或家畜感染回溢的伦理问题。价值观和伦理等核心跨学科能力对于指导“同一健康”课程的开发和持续专业教育至关重要，因为它们描述了取得成效所需的知识、技能和态度。需要从构思到知识转化建立一个概念框架。重要的是，跨学科能力应作为特定学科专业领域的补充来培养，而不是取而代之。对传染源生物学的深刻理解过去是、将来也永远是任何合理的“同一健康”方法的先决条件。
