Lo Presti Rosalia, Hopps Eugenia, Caimi Gregorio
Dipartimento di Scienze Psicologiche, Pedagogiche e della Formazione Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2017 Sep;96(37):e8072. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000008072.
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), particularly gelatinase A (MMP-2) and gelatinase B (MMP-9), as well as their tissue inhibitors (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2), are involved in the development of skeletal muscle tissue, in the repair process after muscle injury and in the adaptive modifications induced by physical exercise in skeletal muscle. This paper aims at reviewing results from human studies that investigated the role of gelatinases and their inhibitors in skeletal muscle response to acute physical exercise or training.
Electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science were searched for papers published between January 2000 and February 2017. The papers were eligible when reporting human studies in which MMP-2 and/or MMP-9 and/or the inhibitors TIMP-1/TIMP-2 were evaluated, in blood or muscular tissue, before and after acute physical exercise or before and after a period of structured physical training. We included studies on healthy subjects and patients with chronic metabolic diseases (obesity, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome-MS) or asymptomatic coronary artery disease. We excluded studies on patients with neurological, rheumatologic or neoplastic diseases.
Studies conducted on muscle biopsies showed an early stimulation of MMP-9 gene transcription as a result of acute exercise, whereas MMP-2 and TIMP transcription resulted from regular repetition of exercise over time. Studies on serum or plasma level of gelatinases and their inhibitors showed an early release of MMP-9 after acute exercise of sufficient intensity, while data on MMP-2 and TIMP were more contrasting. Most of the studies dealing with the effect of training indicated a trend toward reduction in blood gelatinase levels, once again more clear for MMP-9. This result was related to an anti-inflammatory effect of regular exercise and was more evident when training consisted of aerobic activities. This study has limitations: as the initial selection was done through titles and abstracts, incomplete retrieval cannot be excluded, as well as we cannot exclude bias due to selective reporting within studies.
A better knowledge of the molecular events activated by different types of acute exercise and regular training could be of great relevance in order to maximize the benefits of physical activity in healthy subjects and patients.
基质金属蛋白酶（MMPs），尤其是明胶酶A（MMP - 2）和明胶酶B（MMP - 9），以及它们的组织抑制剂（TIMP - 1和TIMP - 2），参与骨骼肌组织的发育、肌肉损伤后的修复过程以及体育锻炼在骨骼肌中诱导的适应性改变。本文旨在综述人体研究结果，这些研究调查了明胶酶及其抑制剂在骨骼肌对急性体育锻炼或训练的反应中的作用。
检索电子数据库PubMed/MEDLINE、Scopus和Web of Science，查找2000年1月至2017年2月发表的论文。当论文报告了在急性体育锻炼前后或一段结构化体育训练前后，在血液或肌肉组织中评估MMP - 2和/或MMP - 9和/或抑制剂TIMP - 1/TIMP - 2的人体研究时，这些论文符合要求。我们纳入了对健康受试者以及患有慢性代谢疾病（肥胖、糖尿病、代谢综合征 - MS）或无症状冠状动脉疾病患者的研究。我们排除了对患有神经、风湿或肿瘤疾病患者的研究。
对肌肉活检进行的研究表明，急性运动可导致MMP - 9基因转录的早期刺激，而MMP - 2和TIMP转录则是由于运动随时间的定期重复所致。对明胶酶及其抑制剂的血清或血浆水平的研究表明，在进行足够强度的急性运动后，MMP - 9会早期释放，而关于MMP - 2和TIMP的数据则更具对比性。大多数涉及训练效果的研究表明，血液中明胶酶水平有降低的趋势，对MMP - 9来说再次更为明显。这一结果与定期运动的抗炎作用有关，当训练包括有氧运动时更为明显。本研究有局限性：由于最初的筛选是通过标题和摘要进行的，不能排除检索不完整的情况，以及我们不能排除研究中因选择性报告导致的偏差。
更好地了解不同类型的急性运动和定期训练所激活的分子事件，对于在健康受试者和患者中最大化体育活动的益处可能具有重要意义。
