Warriner Amy Beth, Kuperman Victor
a Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour , McMaster University , Hamilton , ON , Canada.
Cogn Emot. 2015;29(7):1147-67. doi: 10.1080/02699931.2014.968098. Epub 2014 Oct 14.
A long-standing observation about the interface between emotion and language is that positive words are used more frequently than negative ones, leading to the Pollyanna hypothesis which alleges a predominantly optimistic outlook in humans. This paper uses the largest available collection of affective ratings as well as insights from linguistics to revisit the Pollyanna hypothesis as it relates to two dimensions of emotion: valence (pleasantness) and arousal (intensity). We identified systematic patterns in the distribution of words over a bi-dimensional affective space, which (1) run counter to and supersede most prior accounts, and (2) differ drastically between word types (unique, distinct words in the lexicon) and word tokens (number of occurrences of available words in the lexicon). We argue for two factors that shape affect in language and society: a pro-social benevolent communication strategy with its emphasis on useful and dangerous phenomena, and the structure of human subjective perception of affect.
关于情感与语言之间的界面，一个长期存在的观察结果是，积极词汇的使用频率高于消极词汇，这导致了“波丽安娜假说”，该假说认为人类主要持乐观的观点。本文利用现有的最大情感评级数据集以及语言学的见解，重新审视与情感的两个维度相关的“波丽安娜假说”：效价（愉悦度）和唤醒度（强度）。我们在二维情感空间中识别出了词汇分布的系统模式，这些模式（1）与大多数先前的解释相悖并超越了它们，（2）在词型（词汇表中独特、不同的单词）和词次（词汇表中可用单词的出现次数）之间存在巨大差异。我们认为有两个因素塑造了语言和社会中的情感：一种亲社会的善意交流策略，其强调有用和危险的现象，以及人类情感主观感知的结构。
